The intracarotid amobarbital procedure: an historical perspective.

The intracarotid sodium amobarbital procedure (IAP) is currently regarded as the best method of the determination of hemispheric specialization for speech, and it is universally relied on as a prognostic test for patients with medically refractory epilepsy who are candidates for neurosurgical intervention. Since its initial development, the IAP also has been adapted for assessing lateralized mesiotemporal contributions to memory functioning in this patient population, and it is now in wide use for both basic and applied research in behavioral neuroscience on language, memory, visuospatial functions, emotion, attention, and consciousness. Despite the IAP's wide range of applications, little has been said about its history and development. This essay recounts and discusses this history.