Neurosurg Focus. 2019 Sep 1;47(3):E5. doi: 10.3171/2019.6.FOCUS19346.
The sodium amytal test, or Wada test, named after Juhn Wada, has remained a pillar of presurgical planning and is used to identify the laterality of the dominant language and memory areas in the brain. What is perhaps less well known is that the original intent of the test was to abort seizure activity from an affected hemisphere and also to protect that hemisphere from the effects of electroconvulsive treatment. Some 80 years after Paul Broca described the frontal operculum as an essential area of expressive language and well before the age of MRI, Wada used the test to determine language dominance. The test was later adopted to study hemispheric memory dominance but was met with less consistent success because of the vascular anatomy of the mesial temporal structures. With the advent of functional MRI, the use of the Wada test has narrowed to application in select patients. The concept of selectively inhibiting part of the brain to determine its function, however, remains crucial to understanding brain function. In this review, the authors discuss the rise and fall of the Wada test, an important historical example of the innovation of clinicians in neuroscience.
苯甲酸钠阿米妥试验，又称 Wada 试验，以 Juhn Wada 的名字命名，它一直是手术前规划的重要手段，用于确定大脑中语言和记忆区域的优势侧。也许不那么为人所知的是，该测试的最初目的是阻止受影响半球的癫痫发作活动，并保护该半球免受电惊厥治疗的影响。在 Paul Broca 描述额盖作为表达性语言的重要区域大约 80 年后，以及在 MRI 时代之前，Wada 就使用该测试来确定语言优势。该测试后来被用于研究半球记忆优势，但由于内侧颞叶结构的血管解剖，其结果并不那么一致。随着功能磁共振成像的出现，Wada 测试的应用范围已经缩小到某些特定患者。然而，选择性抑制大脑部分以确定其功能的概念仍然是理解大脑功能的关键。在这篇综述中，作者讨论了 Wada 测试的兴衰，这是神经科学领域临床医生创新的一个重要历史范例。
