Zahn R K, Zahn G, Müller W E, Müller I, Beyer R, Müller-Berger U, Kupelec B, Rijavec M, Britvić S
Sci Total Environ. 1977 Sep;8(2):109-51. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(77)90072-9.
Regenerating cubes of the sponge Geodia cydonium cyconium were used as a model in the investigation of detergent pollution in the sea. The anionic detergent sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) and a 1:1 mixture of Faks and Radion, two commercial laundry detergents, were used in the concentration range from 1 X 10(-9) g/ml (1 ppb) to 1 X 10(-5) g/ml. It is shown that SDS is taken up, weakly accumulated but not incorporated into the macromolecular fractions of the sponge. At concentrations of 0.1 ppm and above, SDS decreases the uptake of thymidine, uridine and phenylalanine into the acid-soluble sponge fraction. Their incorporation into the acid insoluble fractions, which have been isolated, was different from the controls at 10 ppb and higher levels. Faks and Radion were less active by a factor of 10. However, they showed similar effects. The chemical composition of the regenerating sponge cubes with respect to DNA, RNA and protein content has been evaluated. The alterations are less pronounced on detergent incubation than precursor uptake. The use of the cetyltrimethyl-ammoniumbromide-turbidity-dilution technique reveals drastic qualitative changes in the nucleic acid fractions. The relevant literature on biological effects of detergent is listed. It is shown that this investigation extends the scale of known effects far into the low and pollution-relevant concentration levels.
海绵Geodia cydonium cyconium的再生立方块被用作研究海洋中洗涤剂污染的模型。使用了阴离子洗涤剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）以及两种市售洗衣粉Faks和Radion的1:1混合物，浓度范围为1×10⁻⁹克/毫升（1 ppb）至1×10⁻⁵克/毫升。结果表明，SDS被海绵吸收，有微弱积累，但未掺入海绵的大分子部分。在浓度为0.1 ppm及以上时，SDS会降低胸腺嘧啶核苷、尿苷和苯丙氨酸进入海绵酸溶性部分的摄取量。它们掺入已分离的酸不溶性部分的情况在10 ppb及更高水平时与对照不同。Faks和Radion的活性低10倍。然而，它们表现出相似的效果。对再生海绵立方块的DNA、RNA和蛋白质含量的化学成分进行了评估。与前体摄取相比，洗涤剂孵育后的变化不太明显。使用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵浊度稀释技术揭示了核酸部分的剧烈定性变化。列出了关于洗涤剂生物效应的相关文献。结果表明，这项研究将已知效应的范围扩展到了极低且与污染相关的浓度水平。
