Automatic category search and its transfer: aging, type of search, and level of learning.

We examined the site of learning as a function of task type and age. Two experiments examined whether learning in semantic category search is exclusive to trained elements of categories or generalizable to other elements of the trained categories. Specifically, we examined how practice searching for small subsets of exemplars from taxonomic categories transferred to untrained elements of those categories. Young and old adults received extensive practice on memory search (Experiment 1) or visual search (Experiment 2) tasks. Participants then transferred to conditions assessing whether learning was exclusive to the trained words or generalizable to other elements of the trained categories. The site of learning in memory search appears to be at the category level for both young and old adults. Level of learning in visual search appears to differ as a function of age. Young adults' learning generalizes to the category level, whereas older adults' learning is specific to the trained words.