Breakwell G M, Millward L J
Social Psychology European Research Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K.
J Adolesc. 1997 Feb;20(1):29-41. doi: 10.1006/jado.1996.0062.
Data are presented from a postal survey of 474 randomly selected 16-19-year-olds from one U.K. suburban area. A 14-item Sexual Self-Concept Checklist was used to explore the structure of the differences between male and female sexual identities. Two main dimensions in male sexual self-concept emerged: the socio-emotional (romance, sensitivity, eroticism) and the relational (exploitative, seductive, experimental). Female sexual self-concept revolved around concerns with assertiveness (unwillingness to have sex before marriage, controlling when sex occurs, pretending to enjoy sex). Internally reliable scales were constructed for these aspects of the sexual self-concept and were found to relate to both sexual and other forms of risk-taking likely to endanger health. Males with a high relational emphasis in their sexual self-concept were less likely to have had sex and less likely to use alcohol or tobacco. Females with a greater assertiveness score were less likely to be virgins, had had more sexual partners and consumed more alcohol and tobacco. They were not, however, less likely to use condoms. It is concluded that models seeking to explain health behaviours in adolescence should incorporate estimates of the significance of the behaviour for stable aspects of the self-concept. It is further argued that the structure of the sexual self-concept is significantly influenced by dominant social representations of gender differences and relationships. Both identity and social representational processes need to be considered if a comprehensive model of health behaviour is to be evolved.
数据来自对英国一个郊区随机抽取的474名16至19岁青少年进行的邮政调查。使用一份包含14个条目的性自我概念清单来探究男性和女性性身份差异的结构。男性性自我概念出现了两个主要维度：社会情感维度（浪漫、敏感、色情）和关系维度（剥削性、诱惑性、尝试性）。女性性自我概念围绕着与坚定性相关的问题（婚前不愿发生性行为、控制性接触发生的时间、假装享受性行为）。为性自我概念的这些方面构建了内部可靠的量表，并发现这些量表与性风险及其他可能危害健康的冒险行为形式都有关联。在性自我概念中关系维度强调程度高的男性发生性行为的可能性较小，使用酒精或烟草的可能性也较小。坚定性得分较高的女性 virgin（此处原文有误，推测应为“处女性”）的可能性较小，有更多性伴侣，饮酒和吸烟量也更多。然而，她们使用避孕套的可能性并不小。研究得出结论，旨在解释青少年健康行为的模型应纳入对行为对自我概念稳定方面重要性的评估。进一步的观点认为，性自我概念的结构受到性别差异和关系的主导社会表征的显著影响。如果要建立一个全面的健康行为模型，身份认同和社会表征过程都需要加以考虑。
