Torras-Sanvicens J, Arruga-Ginebreda J
Hospital Prínceps d'Espanya, Ciutat Sanitària i Universitària de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España.
Rev Neurol. 1996 Dec;24(136):1605-13.
In patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) there is an 8% incidence of neuro-ophthalmological changes. The commonest of these neuro-ophthalmological changes are: 1) Cranial nerve pareses 2) Optic neuropathy and 3) Pupil disorders. The cranial nerve pareses are usually combined, rather than single, and are due to intraparenchymatous lesions (toxoplasmosis or lymphoma) or to meningitis (tuberculous or lymphoma). The optic nerve changes tend to be papillitis due to CMV or optic neuropathy due to syphilis or to cryptococcal meningitis. Among the pupil changes, Bernard-Horner syndromes due to sympathetic involvement, Argyll-Robertson pupils due to mesencephalic tectal lesions and mydriasis associated with the common oculo-motor nerve have been described.
在获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）患者中，神经眼科改变的发生率为8%。这些神经眼科改变中最常见的是：1）颅神经麻痹；2）视神经病变；3）瞳孔障碍。颅神经麻痹通常是合并出现，而非单一出现，其原因是脑实质内病变（弓形虫病或淋巴瘤）或脑膜炎（结核性或淋巴瘤性）。视神经改变往往是由巨细胞病毒引起的视乳头炎，或由梅毒或隐球菌性脑膜炎引起的视神经病变。在瞳孔改变中，已描述了由于交感神经受累导致的伯纳-霍纳综合征、由于中脑顶盖病变导致的阿-罗瞳孔以及与动眼神经相关的瞳孔散大。
