Moritsu Y, Nestor K E, Noble D O, Anthony N B, Bacon W L
Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio State University, Wooster 44691, USA.
Poult Sci. 1997 Mar;76(3):437-44. doi: 10.1093/ps/76.3.437.
A selection experiment was started using Japanese quail to study the genetics of BW and plasma yolk precursor (measured by total plasma phosphorus; TPP). Lines were divergently selected for 4-wk BW (HW and LW) or plasma TPP (HP and LP). Sublines of HW were developed by continuing to select the males for increased 4-wk BW while selecting the females for increased (HW-HP line) or decreased (HW-LP line) TPP. The purpose of the present study was to determine the inheritance of traits associated with growth and reproduction in reciprocal crosses between the divergently selected lines and sublines. Reciprocal crosses were made between the HW and LW, HP and LP, and HW-HP and HW-LP lines. Traits measured included BW at various ages, age at sexual maturity, egg production, ovarian follicular development, egg weight, TPP, wet and dry liver weights, and occurrence of smooth muscle tumors in the ligaments of the oviduct. The HW line differed from the LW line in all traits measured except TPP and weight of smooth muscle tumors. No offspring were obtained from the HW x LW matings (male listed first). In the LW x HW cross, heterosis was negative for BW through sexual maturity and age at sexual maturity. Positive heterosis was observed for egg production, egg weight, and occurrence of smooth muscle tumors. Differences between the HP and LP lines were observed in the selected trait (TPP) and some correlated traits (BW at some ages, age at sexual maturity in females, egg production, and number and total weight of ovarian follicles). Positive heterosis in the HP and LP crosses was observed for BW, egg production, egg weight, and number of ovarian follicles whereas negative heterosis was observed for TPP and age at sexual maturity in females. The HW-HP and HW-LP lines differed in the selected traits and some correlated traits (egg weight and weights of the liver and smooth muscle tumors). Positive heterosis in the crosses was observed for BW, egg production, and liver weights whereas negative heterosis was evident for age at sexual maturity and TPP.
开展了一项选择实验，使用日本鹌鹑来研究体重（BW）和血浆卵黄前体（通过总血浆磷；TPP测量）的遗传学。对品系进行了4周龄体重（重体重系和轻体重系）或血浆TPP（高血浆磷系和低血浆磷系）的趋异选择。通过继续选择雄性以增加4周龄体重，同时选择雌性以增加（重体重-高血浆磷系）或降低（重体重-低血浆磷系）TPP，培育出了重体重系的亚系。本研究的目的是确定在趋异选择的品系和亚系之间的正反交中，与生长和繁殖相关性状的遗传情况。在重体重系和轻体重系、高血浆磷系和低血浆磷系以及重体重-高血浆磷系和重体重-低血浆磷系之间进行了正反交。测量的性状包括不同年龄的体重、性成熟年龄、产蛋量、卵巢卵泡发育、蛋重、TPP、肝脏湿重和干重以及输卵管韧带中平滑肌肿瘤的发生率。除了TPP和平滑肌肿瘤重量外，重体重系在所有测量性状上均与轻体重系不同。重体重×轻体重交配（雄性列于首位）未获得后代。在轻体重×重体重杂交中，从出生到性成熟的体重和性成熟年龄的杂种优势为负。在产蛋量、蛋重和平滑肌肿瘤发生率方面观察到正杂种优势。在所选性状（TPP）和一些相关性状（某些年龄的体重、雌性性成熟年龄、产蛋量以及卵巢卵泡数量和总重量）上观察到高血浆磷系和低血浆磷系之间存在差异。在高血浆磷系和低血浆磷系杂交中，体重、产蛋量、蛋重和卵巢卵泡数量表现出正杂种优势，而雌性性成熟年龄和TPP表现出负杂种优势。重体重-高血浆磷系和重体重-低血浆磷系在所选性状和一些相关性状（蛋重、肝脏和平滑肌肿瘤重量）上存在差异。在杂交中，体重、产蛋量和肝脏重量表现出正杂种优势，而性成熟年龄和TPP则表现出明显的负杂种优势。
