在发育过程中，对与听觉惊吓无条件刺激配对的嗅觉条件刺激产生的条件性心脏反应的出现：形式与自主神经起源。

Emergence of conditioned cardiac responses to an olfactory CS paired with an acoustic startle UCS during development: form and autonomic origins.

作者信息

Hunt P S, Richardson R, Hess M F, Campbell B A

机构信息

Department of Psychology, Princeton University, NJ 08544, USA.

出版信息

Dev Psychobiol. 1997 Mar;30(2):151-63.

PMID:9068969

Abstract

Pairing an olfactory conditioned stimulus (CS) with an acoustic startle unconditioned stimulus (UCS) produced conditioned bradycardia in rats ranging from 12 days of age to adulthood but failed to produce conditioning in 10-day-olds (Experiment 1). The second experiment compared the effects of two different UCSs, acoustic startle and electric shock. The startle UCS produced conditioned bradycardia accompanied by immobility. In contrast, the shock UCS produced conditioned tachycardia accompanied by behavioral activation. Pharmacological analysis revealed that activation of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) produced the conditioned bradycardia (Experiment 3) and that activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) produced the conditioned tachycardia (Hunt, Hess, & Campbell, 1994). Further comparisons revealed that the startle UCS established conditioning several days earlier in development than the shock UCS. The ability of the PNS to respond to phasic stimulation earlier in development than the SNS was discussed as a possible mechanism for the early development of conditioned bradycardia.

摘要

将嗅觉条件刺激（CS）与听觉惊吓非条件刺激（UCS）配对，可使12日龄至成年大鼠产生条件性心动过缓，但未能使10日龄大鼠产生条件反射（实验1）。第二个实验比较了两种不同非条件刺激——听觉惊吓和电击——的效果。惊吓非条件刺激产生伴有不动的条件性心动过缓。相比之下，电击非条件刺激产生伴有行为激活的条件性心动过速。药理学分析表明，副交感神经系统（PNS）的激活产生条件性心动过缓（实验3），而交感神经系统（SNS）的激活产生条件性心动过速（亨特、赫斯和坎贝尔，1994年）。进一步比较发现，惊吓非条件刺激比电击非条件刺激在发育过程中更早建立条件反射。副交感神经系统比交感神经系统在发育过程中更早对相位刺激作出反应的能力被作为条件性心动过缓早期发育的一种可能机制进行了讨论。