Najem G R, Batuman F, Smith A M, Feuerman M
Department of Preventive Medicine, and Community Health, University of Medicine and Dentistry, of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07103-2714, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 1997 Mar;20(3):226-31. doi: 10.1016/S1054-139X(96)00173-5.
(1) To test the hypothesis that the prevalence of smoking among African-American teenagers is lower than among whites and Hispanic inner-city senior high school students; (2) to assess the patterns of smoking among inner-city teenagers; and (3) to ascertain the relationship between smoking status and their knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.
All students attending inner-city senior high schools in two cities in New Jersey were included in the survey (n = 8,900). Response Rate was 85%; 89% of respondents were minority teenagers.
The overall point prevalence rate of cigarette smoking was 9%. Almost all smoking began before the age of 16 years. The factors that significantly (p < .001) contributed to the initiation of cigarette smoking were: peer influence, self-initiation, and the influence of relatives' cigarette smoking. The factors that were stated to play a major role in progression to regular smoking were: perceptions that smoking relieves stress and feelings of induced pleasure while smoking. In addition, smokers were significantly (p < .0005) less knowledgeable about smoke-related diseases than exsmokers or nonsmokers. Over two-thirds of smokers and exsmokers believed that it is the physician's responsibility to advise patients to quit smoking and the majority of the current smokers contemplated quitting smoking. The data support the hypothesis that smoking prevalence among African-American teenagers is significantly lower than among white and Hispanic teenagers who attended the senior high school and resided in the inner city.
These data suggest that multidimensional antismoking strategies are needed to address the smoking among predominately minority teenagers. This includes supportive messages from physicians, relatives, friends along with public policy to act as motivating factors to discourage early smoking.
（1）检验非裔美国青少年吸烟率低于白人和西班牙裔城市内高中生这一假设；（2）评估城市内青少年的吸烟模式；（3）确定吸烟状况与其知识、态度、信念和行为之间的关系。
新泽西州两个城市的所有城市内高中生都被纳入调查（n = 8900）。回复率为85%；89%的受访者为少数族裔青少年。
吸烟的总体时点患病率为9%。几乎所有吸烟行为都始于16岁之前。对开始吸烟有显著贡献（p < .001）的因素有：同伴影响、自我开始吸烟以及亲属吸烟的影响。被认为在发展为经常吸烟过程中起主要作用的因素有：认为吸烟能缓解压力以及吸烟时产生愉悦感。此外，吸烟者对比戒烟者或非吸烟者，对与吸烟相关疾病的了解显著更少（p < .0005）。超过三分之二的吸烟者和戒烟者认为建议患者戒烟是医生的责任，并且大多数当前吸烟者考虑戒烟。数据支持非裔美国青少年吸烟率显著低于就读于高中且居住在城市内的白人和西班牙裔青少年这一假设。
这些数据表明，需要采取多维度的反吸烟策略来解决以少数族裔为主的青少年吸烟问题。这包括医生、亲属、朋友提供的支持性信息以及作为鼓励尽早戒烟动力因素的公共政策。
