Darlow B A, Horwood L J, Mogridge N, Clemett R S
Department of Paediatrics, Christchurch School of Medicine, Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand.
J Paediatr Child Health. 1997 Feb;33(1):47-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1997.tb00990.x.
To determine the survival and sensorineural outcome at 7-8 years in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants born in New Zealand in 1986.
In 1986 all VLBW New Zealand infants admitted to neonatal units were enrolled in a prospective study of acute retinopathy of prematurity. Surviving infants were traced and were assessed at a home visit. Parents were asked a comprehensive questionnaire, and children underwent a visual assessment including photorefraction and were tested with the Revised Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R).
Four hundred and thirteen VLBW infants were admitted to neonatal units in 1986, 338 (81.8%) surviving to discharge, 12 children died after discharge, 17 were traced to overseas, seven declined to participate and four were untraced, leaving 298 (96% survivors resident in New Zealand) who were assessed at a mean age of 7.6 (+/- 0.4 years, 15 children (5.0%) had severe disability, 14 (4.7%) moderate disability, and 46 (15.4%) mild disability. Blindness (vision worse than 6/60) occurred in eight children (2.7%), deafness requiring aids in four (1.3%), any form of cerebral palsy in 17 (5.7%), and an JQ score on the WISC-R > 1 SD below the mean in 62 (20.8%). There was no significant difference in outcome for children with birthweight < 1000 g and 1000-1499 g.
Long-term (7-8 year) survival and disability rates in this national cohort of VLBW infants is comparable with that reported from other populations. Although a majority of children have no disability a sizeable proportion do perform poorly on the WISC-R. This may relate in part to problems such as a short attention span and poor visual-motor integration.
确定1986年在新西兰出生的极低出生体重（VLBW）婴儿7至8岁时的生存情况和感觉神经发育结局。
1986年，所有入住新生儿病房的新西兰极低出生体重婴儿均纳入一项关于早产儿急性视网膜病变的前瞻性研究。对存活婴儿进行追踪，并在家庭访视时进行评估。向家长发放一份综合问卷，儿童接受包括电脑验光在内的视力评估，并使用韦氏儿童智力量表修订版（WISC-R）进行测试。
1986年有413名极低出生体重婴儿入住新生儿病房，338名（81.8%）存活至出院，12名儿童出院后死亡，17名被追踪到国外，7名拒绝参与，4名未被追踪到，剩下298名（96%的新西兰常住存活者）在平均年龄7.6岁（±0.4岁）时接受评估，15名儿童（5.0%）有严重残疾，14名（4.7%）有中度残疾，46名（15.4%）有轻度残疾。8名儿童（2.7%）失明（视力低于6/60），4名（1.3%）因耳聋需要佩戴助听器，17名（5.7%）有任何形式的脑瘫，62名（20.8%）儿童的WISC-R智商得分比平均分低1个标准差以上。出生体重<1000g和1000-1499g的儿童在结局方面无显著差异。
这一全国性队列中的极低出生体重婴儿的长期（7至8岁）生存率和残疾率与其他人群报告的情况相当。虽然大多数儿童没有残疾，但相当一部分儿童在WISC-R测试中的表现较差。这可能部分与注意力持续时间短和视觉运动整合能力差等问题有关。
