Candiani G, Abbondi M, Borgonovi M, Williams R
Lepetit Research Center, Hoechst Marion Roussel, Gerenzano (Varese), Italy.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 1997 Feb;39(2):199-207. doi: 10.1093/jac/39.2.199.
Lobar pneumonia models were established in rats by intratracheal inoculation of either penicillin-susceptible (immunocompetent model) or penicillin-resistant (immunocompetent and neutropenic models) Streptococcus pneumoniae. Untreated animals maintained a relatively high bacterial load in the lungs but only occasionally developed bacteraemia or pleurisy. The infection was rarely fatal in immunocompetent rats, but immunocompromised rats frequently died. Treatment i.m. with 10,000 IU/kg of procaine penicillin G (12 h after infection then bid for 3 days) or with a single i.v. dose of 5 or 10 mg/kg of teicoplanin significantly reduced lung bacterial loads of rats infected with the penicillin-susceptible strain. Against the penicillin-resistant strain, teicoplanin displayed a significant activity regardless of the immununological status of the animals. Penicillin G significantly reduced lung bacterial load of the penicillin-resistant strain only in immunocompetent rats and at a higher dose than needed in treatment of the penicillin-susceptible infection. The experimental models described here could be suitable for studying the efficacy of antibacterial agents against pulmonary infections caused by penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae strains.
通过气管内接种青霉素敏感型（免疫健全模型）或青霉素耐药型（免疫健全和中性粒细胞减少模型）肺炎链球菌，在大鼠中建立大叶性肺炎模型。未经治疗的动物肺部细菌载量相对较高，但仅偶尔发生菌血症或胸膜炎。在免疫健全的大鼠中，感染很少致命，但免疫受损的大鼠经常死亡。感染后12小时，以10,000 IU/kg的普鲁卡因青霉素G进行肌肉注射（然后每日两次，持续3天），或单次静脉注射5或10 mg/kg替考拉宁，可显著降低感染青霉素敏感菌株的大鼠肺部细菌载量。对于青霉素耐药菌株，无论动物的免疫状态如何，替考拉宁均显示出显著活性。青霉素G仅在免疫健全的大鼠中显著降低了青霉素耐药菌株的肺部细菌载量，且所需剂量高于治疗青霉素敏感感染所需的剂量。本文所述的实验模型可能适用于研究抗菌药物对由青霉素敏感和青霉素耐药肺炎链球菌菌株引起的肺部感染的疗效。
