Chaturvedi S, Chaturvedi S
University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Natl Med J India. 1997 Jan-Feb;10(1):17-8.
Two oral cholera vaccines-inactivated WC/rBS and live CVD 103 HgR-have recently been marketed in Europe. Though the efficacy of the live vaccine is yet to be supported by field trials, the inactivated oral vaccine has shown encouraging results in field trails on different population groups. Since the role of cholera vaccines-including oral vaccines-as a public health tool in epidemic situations is debatable and cholera immunization for travellers will result in a high cost-benefit ratio, endemic cholera remains the main area of their application. The questions raised in the Bangladesh trial about the protective efficacy of WC/rBS vaccine in people infected with the EI Tor biotype, in 'O' blood group people and in those having no previous immunity to cholera have been reconsidered and explored during the recent field trail in South America, with satisfactory results. However, none of these vaccines provide protection against Vibrio cholerae 0139 Bengal. With their widely demonstrated safety and efficacy, oral cholera vaccines are set to make injectable vaccines obsolete.
两种口服霍乱疫苗——灭活的WC/rBS疫苗和活的CVD 103 HgR疫苗最近已在欧洲上市。尽管活疫苗的疗效尚有待现场试验的支持，但灭活口服疫苗在针对不同人群组的现场试验中已显示出令人鼓舞的结果。由于霍乱疫苗（包括口服疫苗）作为公共卫生工具在疫情形势下的作用存在争议，且旅行者霍乱免疫接种将产生较高的成本效益比，地方性霍乱仍是其主要应用领域。在孟加拉国试验中提出的关于WC/rBS疫苗对感染埃尔托生物型的人群、O血型人群以及那些以前对霍乱没有免疫力的人群的保护效力的问题，在最近于南美洲进行的现场试验中已被重新考虑和探究，结果令人满意。然而，这些疫苗均不能提供针对霍乱弧菌0139孟加拉型的保护。鉴于口服霍乱疫苗已广泛证明的安全性和有效性，它们注定会使注射用疫苗过时。
