Alfredson H, Nordström P, Lorentzon R
Sports Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Umeâ, S-90185 Umeâ, Sweden.
Calcif Tissue Int. 1997 Apr;60(4):338-42. doi: 10.1007/s002239900239.
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate bone mass in female athletes participating in an impact loading sport (volleyball), and especially to investigate whether any changes in bone mass might be related to the type and magnitude of weightbearing loading and muscle strength. The volleyball group consisted of 13 first division players (age 20.9 +/- 3.7 years) training for about 8 hours/week, and the reference group consisted of 13 nonactive females (age 25.0 +/- 2.4 years) not participating in any kind of regular or organized sport activity. The groups were matched according to weight and height. Areal bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in total body, head, lumbar spine, femoral neck, Ward's triangle, trochanter, the whole femur, and humerus using dual-energy-X-ray absorptiometry. Isokinetic concentric peak torque of the quadricep and hamstring muscles was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. Compared with the controls, the volleyball players had a significantly (P < 0.05-0.01) higher BMD of the total body (6.1%), lumbar spine (13.2%), femoral neck (15.8%), Ward's triangle (17.9%), trochanter (18.8%), nondominant femur (8.2%), and humerus (dominant 9.5%, nondominant 10.0%), but not of the head and the dominant whole femur. The dominant humerus showed significantly higher BMD than the nondominant humerus in both the volleyball and nonactive group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in muscle strength of the thigh between the two groups. In the nonactive group, muscle strength in the quadriceps, and especially hamstrings, was correlated to BMD of the adjacent bones (whole femur, hip sites) and also to distant sites (humerus). However, in the volleyball group there were no correlations between muscle strength and BMD of the adjacent bones, but quadricep strength correlated to BMD of the humerus. These results clearly show that young female volleyball players have a high bone mass. The demonstrated high bone mass seems to be related to the type of loading subjected to each BMD site. Muscle strength of the thigh seems to have little impact on BMD in female volleyball players.
这项横断面研究的目的是评估参与冲击负荷运动（排球）的女性运动员的骨量，特别是调查骨量的任何变化是否可能与负重负荷的类型和大小以及肌肉力量有关。排球组由13名甲级联赛球员组成（年龄20.9 +/- 3.7岁），每周训练约8小时，参考组由13名不活跃女性组成（年龄25.0 +/- 2.4岁），她们不参加任何常规或有组织的体育活动。两组根据体重和身高进行匹配。使用双能X线吸收法测量全身、头部、腰椎、股骨颈、沃德三角、大转子、整个股骨和肱骨的面积骨密度（BMD）。使用等速测力计测量股四头肌和腘绳肌的等速向心峰值扭矩。与对照组相比，排球运动员全身（6.1%）、腰椎（13.2%）、股骨颈（15.8%）、沃德三角（17.9%）、大转子（18.8%）、非优势股骨（8.2%）和肱骨（优势侧9.5%，非优势侧10.0%）的骨密度显著更高（P < 0.05 - 0.01），但头部和优势侧整个股骨的骨密度没有显著差异。在排球组和不活跃组中，优势侧肱骨的骨密度均显著高于非优势侧肱骨（P < 0.05）。两组之间大腿肌肉力量没有显著差异。在不活跃组中，股四头肌尤其是腘绳肌的肌肉力量与相邻骨骼（整个股骨、髋部部位）以及远处部位（肱骨）的骨密度相关。然而，在排球组中，肌肉力量与相邻骨骼的骨密度之间没有相关性，但股四头肌力量与肱骨的骨密度相关。这些结果清楚地表明，年轻女性排球运动员具有较高的骨量。所显示的高骨量似乎与每个骨密度部位所承受的负荷类型有关。大腿肌肉力量似乎对女性排球运动员的骨密度影响很小。
