Alfredson H, Nordström P, Pietilä T, Lorentzon R
Sports Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Umeâ, S-90185 Umeâ, Sweden.
Calcif Tissue Int. 1998 Apr;62(4):303-8. doi: 10.1007/s002239900436.
In the present study, we compared the bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in the arms of 11 female volleyball players (mean age 22.0 +/- 2.6 years) training for about 8 hours/week, and 11 nonactive females aged 24.6 +/- 3.1 years (mean +/- SD) not participating in regular or organized sport activity. Using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), BMC was measured in the proximal and distal humerus, and BMD in the distal radius. Isokinetic concentric peak torque (highest value attained during 5 or 10 repetitions) of the rotator muscles of the shoulder and flexor and extensor muscles of the elbow were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. The volleyball players had significantly higher BMC (P < 0.05) at the proximal humerus of the dominant arm compared with the nonactive group, but there were no differences between the groups in BMC of the distal humerus and BMD of the distal radius. In the volleyball players, BMC was significantly higher at the proximal humerus, at the distal humerus, and at the distal radius in the dominant compared with the nondominant arm. In the nonactive group, there were no significant differences in BMC and BMD between the dominant and nondominant arm at any site measured. Except for shoulder internal rotation strength and elbow flexion strength at 90 degrees/second that was higher in the dominant arm in the volleyball players, there were no significant differences in muscle strength of the rotator muscles of the shoulder and flexor and extensor muscles of the elbow between the dominant and nondominant arm in the volleyball players and nonactive controls. In the volleyball players, but not in the nonactive controls, there were several significant relationships between shoulder and elbow strength and BMC at the distal humerus of the dominant and especially the nondominant arm. These results show that young female volleyball players have a higher bone mass in the proximal humerus, distal humerus, and distal radius in the dominant compared with the nondominant arm, and a higher bone mass in the proximal humerus compared with nonactive controls. Muscle strength of the rotator muscles of the shoulder is not related to the higher bone mass in the proximal humerus of the dominant arm. Theoretically, the observed differences in bone mass can be related to the type of loading the skeleton undergoes when playing volleyball.
在本研究中，我们比较了11名每周训练约8小时的女性排球运动员（平均年龄22.0±2.6岁）和11名年龄在24.6±3.1岁（平均±标准差）、不参加常规或有组织体育活动的非运动女性手臂的骨矿物质含量（BMC）和骨矿物质密度（BMD）。使用双能X线吸收法（DXA）测量近端和远端肱骨的BMC以及远端桡骨的BMD。使用等速测力计测量肩部旋转肌以及肘部屈肌和伸肌的等速向心峰值扭矩（5次或10次重复过程中达到的最高值）。与非运动组相比，排球运动员优势侧手臂近端肱骨的BMC显著更高（P<0.05），但两组在远端肱骨的BMC和远端桡骨的BMD方面没有差异。在排球运动员中，优势侧手臂近端肱骨、远端肱骨和远端桡骨的BMC显著高于非优势侧手臂。在非运动组中，所测量的任何部位优势侧和非优势侧手臂的BMC和BMD均无显著差异。除了排球运动员优势侧手臂肩部内旋力量和90度/秒时的肘部屈曲力量较高外，排球运动员和非运动对照组优势侧和非优势侧手臂肩部旋转肌以及肘部屈肌和伸肌的肌肉力量没有显著差异。在排球运动员中，而非非运动对照组中，肩部和肘部力量与优势侧尤其是非优势侧手臂远端肱骨的BMC之间存在若干显著关系。这些结果表明，年轻女性排球运动员优势侧手臂的近端肱骨、远端肱骨和远端桡骨的骨量高于非优势侧手臂，且近端肱骨的骨量高于非运动对照组。肩部旋转肌的肌肉力量与优势侧手臂近端肱骨较高的骨量无关。从理论上讲，观察到的骨量差异可能与打排球时骨骼所承受的负荷类型有关。
