Berry M R
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1997 Jan-Mar;7(1):3-16.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency-National Exposure Research Laboratory's (USEPA-NERL) dietary exposure research program investigates the role of diet, including drinking water, as a potential pathway of human exposure to environmental contaminants. A primary program goal is to establish measurement methods for ingestion that are consistent with approaches used by the USEPA to measure inhalation and dermal exposures, and, hence, total exposure. Research has focused on developing and field-testing measurement methods for personal dietary monitoring, known as duplicate-diet methodology, and on the methods to support analyses of environmental contaminants in foods and beverages. Guidance for measuring personal dietary exposure has been developed for the researcher performing measurements in which there is an established or potential route of exposure to environmental contaminants from foods consumed. Useful information for other types of dietary exposure assessment can be found in existing food consumption and food residue databases. Several of the major food databases have been integrated into an exposure model that provides estimates of potential dietary exposure and identifies potentially highly exposed people for guidance in exposure monitoring. Another component of this research program explores priority, diet-related issues to identify and reduce exposures from foods and beverages. The methods of preparing mercury-contaminated fish by Native Americans and children exposed to lead-laden environments are currently under investigation. Other research is designed to improve our understanding of the process of excess food contamination and the reduction of dietary exposure. Additional research needs are summarized. An overview of the USEPA-NERL dietary exposure program is presented and research discussed in this paper is described in the following papers in this issue.
美国环境保护局国家暴露研究实验室（USEPA-NERL）的膳食暴露研究项目调查饮食（包括饮用水）作为人类接触环境污染物的潜在途径所起的作用。该项目的一个主要目标是建立与美国环境保护局用于测量吸入和皮肤接触暴露，进而测量总暴露的方法相一致的摄入测量方法。研究重点是开发和实地测试用于个人膳食监测的测量方法，即双份膳食法，以及支持分析食品和饮料中环境污染物的方法。已为在存在从所食用食物接触环境污染物的既定或潜在途径的测量中进行测量的研究人员制定了测量个人膳食暴露的指南。在现有的食物消费和食物残留数据库中可以找到用于其他类型膳食暴露评估的有用信息。几个主要的食物数据库已被整合到一个暴露模型中，该模型可提供潜在膳食暴露的估计值，并识别出潜在高暴露人群，以指导暴露监测。该研究项目的另一个组成部分探讨与饮食相关的优先问题，以识别和减少来自食品和饮料的暴露。目前正在调查美国原住民制备汞污染鱼类的方法以及接触铅污染环境的儿童的情况。其他研究旨在增进我们对食物过量污染过程和减少膳食暴露的理解。总结了其他研究需求。介绍了USEPA-NERL膳食暴露项目概况，本文讨论的研究在本期后续论文中有描述。
