Schneider R K, Bramlage L R, Gabel A A, Barone L M, Kantrowitz B M
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
Equine Vet J Suppl. 1988 Sep(6):33-42. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1988.tb04646.x.
The medical records and radiographs of all horses with a third carpal bone fracture admitted to The Ohio State University Veterinary Hospital from 1979 to 1987 were reviewed. Three hundred and seventy-one fractures were found in 313 horses; 57 percent were Standardbreds, 41 per cent were Thoroughbreds, and only 1.6 per cent were Quarterhorses. All were young racehorses (average age = 3.1 years). Third carpal fractures occurred more frequently in the right limb (60 percent) than the left limb (40 percent); Thoroughbreds had a greater right-left disparity (67.5 percent R, 27.1 per cent L). Fractures were classified according to their size and anatomical location within the third carpal bone: incomplete fractures of the radial facet (type 1, N = 39), large proximal chip fractures of the radial facet (type 2, N = 140), small proximal chip fractures of the radial facet (type 3, N = 18), medial corner fractures (type 4, N = 13), frontal plane slab fractures of the radial facet (type 5, N = 93), large frontal plane slab fractures involving both the radial and intermediate facets (type 6, N = 35), fractures of the intermediate facet (type 7 N = 13), and sagittal slab fractures (type 8, N = 20). The incidence of each fracture type was significantly different between Standardbreds and Thoroughbreds. Type 1 and 2 fracture were more common in Standardbreds; type 5 and 6 fractures were more common in Thoroughbreds. Differences between these two breeds are related to the different gaits at which they race. The classification more accurately describes the extent of injury and the variation in fractures observed in this study than the traditional division as chips or slabs. A high quality skyline projection is important in correctly identifying these fractures; over 10 percent of the fractures were detected only on this view.
回顾了1979年至1987年间收治于俄亥俄州立大学兽医院的所有第三腕骨骨折马匹的病历和X光片。在313匹马中发现了371处骨折；57%为标准赛马，41%为纯种马，只有1.6%为夸特马。所有都是年轻的赛马（平均年龄 = 3.1岁）。第三腕骨骨折在右肢（60%）比左肢（40%）更常见；纯种马的左右差异更大（右肢67.5%，左肢27.1%）。根据骨折的大小和在第三腕骨内的解剖位置对骨折进行分类：桡骨关节面不完全骨折（1型，N = 39）、桡骨关节面近端大骨块骨折（2型，N = 140）、桡骨关节面近端小骨块骨折（3型，N = 18）、内侧角骨折（4型，N = 13）、桡骨关节面前平面片状骨折（5型，N = 93）、累及桡骨和中间关节面的大前平面片状骨折（6型，N = 35）、中间关节面骨折（7型，N = 13）和矢状片状骨折（8型，N = 20）。标准赛马和纯种马之间每种骨折类型的发生率有显著差异。1型和2型骨折在标准赛马中更常见；5型和6型骨折在纯种马中更常见。这两个品种之间的差异与它们比赛时的不同步态有关。与传统的分为骨块或片状骨折的分类方法相比，该分类更准确地描述了本研究中观察到的损伤程度和骨折差异。高质量的侧位投影对于正确识别这些骨折很重要；超过10%的骨折仅在此视图上被检测到。
