Hunziker P, Pfisterer M
Kardiologie, Kantonspital, Basel.
Praxis (Bern 1994). 1997 Feb 4;86(6):189-95.
Acute severe heart failure is one of the leading causes of emergency hospitalization in Switzerland. The decompensation often occurs in the setting of preexisting heart failure. A precise diagnosis is of paramount importance because of the bad prognosis of this disease, and because there is a broad therapeutic armamentarium which can significantly modify the disease process. Besides the physical examination, echocardiography is the most helpful additional examination in these patients. The therapeutic strategy is to eliminate causes and precipitating factors, to assure blood and oxygen supply to the organs, to optimize cardiac work, to normalize intravascular and secondarily extravascular volume, to treat arrhythmias and to combat neurohumoral activation. The World Health Organisation and the European Society of Cardiology have published guidelines providing useful algorithms for diagnosis and treatment.
急性重症心力衰竭是瑞士急诊住院的主要原因之一。失代偿常发生在已有心力衰竭的情况下。由于该病预后不良，且有广泛的治疗手段可显著改变疾病进程，因此准确诊断至关重要。除体格检查外，超声心动图是这些患者最有用的辅助检查。治疗策略是消除病因和诱发因素，确保器官的血液和氧气供应，优化心脏功能，使血管内及继发的血管外容量正常化，治疗心律失常并对抗神经体液激活。世界卫生组织和欧洲心脏病学会已发布指南，提供了有用的诊断和治疗算法。
