Sjøblom E, Højer J, Ludwigs U, Pirskanen R
Department of Medicine, Soder Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Intensive Care Med. 1997 Mar;23(3):348-50. doi: 10.1007/s001340050340.
Acute symptomatic hyponatraemia is a life-threatening emergency which must be diagnosed and treated promptly. The initial symptoms are often dramatic, with seizures and coma, and there is therefore a risk that the diagnosis and the urgent sodium correction therapy may be delayed by procedures such as computed tomography (CT) of the brain. As the most common aetiological factors are psychotic polydipsia and different iatrogenic causes, this condition usually develops in hospitalised patients. Water intoxication alone is very unlikely to cause severe hyponatraemia in a person with normal renal function, unless for some reason the antidiuretic hormone secretion is increased. We describe a case in which dehydration due to common gastroenteritis in combination with excessive intake of water caused the death of a young, previously healthy woman. Increased awareness of this potentially fatal condition is recommended.
急性症状性低钠血症是一种危及生命的急症，必须迅速诊断和治疗。最初症状往往很严重，会出现癫痫发作和昏迷，因此存在一种风险，即脑部计算机断层扫描（CT）等检查程序可能会延误诊断和紧急补钠治疗。由于最常见的病因是精神性烦渴和各种医源性原因，这种情况通常发生在住院患者身上。单纯水中毒在肾功能正常的人身上极不可能导致严重低钠血症，除非由于某种原因抗利尿激素分泌增加。我们描述了一例因普通肠胃炎导致脱水并伴有过量饮水，致使一名原本健康的年轻女性死亡的病例。建议提高对这种潜在致命病症的认识。
