Fisher H, Halladay A, Yu Y L, Sekowski A, Wagner G C
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-0231, USA.
Alcohol. 1997 Mar-Apr;14(2):199-202. doi: 10.1016/s0741-8329(97)83140-0.
Experiments were carried out with a nutritionally balanced diet to test the response of rats to levels of ethanol between 0% and 6%, and to different levels and sources of protein and amino acid supplements in relation to alcohol utilization and withdrawal seizures. The high-calorie/high-carbohydrate liquid diet was well tolerated when the alcohol level was less than 30% of total calories, or 4.5% of diet. When alcohol was provided at 6% of diet, or 33% of total calories, growth and withdrawal seizure rates were negatively affected in comparison with the lower ethanol levels, even though ethanol consumption (in g/kg/day) was not different. The 6% alcohol diet was then altered through the addition of more protein calories, from 13% to 20%. This supplementation improved growth rate of the animals and reduced the rate of withdrawal seizures. The improvement from the additional protein was observed with both casein and soy protein, and was not attributable to any one or even several amino acids that might serve as transmitter precursors. A mixture of all essential amino acids representing the difference in amino acids between 13% and 20% casein protein calories was an effective as the equivalent amount of intact protein. The nonessential amino acids equivalent to 7% casein protein calories, when added to the 13% protein calories diet, increased the rate of withdrawal seizures, presumably by exacerbating the protein deficiency in the 13% protein diet. It was concluded that a 1000-1200 kcal/kg diet with 20% kcal from protein and 50% kcal from carbohydrate provides an optimal nutrient balance for efficient utilization of a 6% ethanol liquid diet for rats.
进行了一系列实验，采用营养均衡的饮食来测试大鼠对0%至6%乙醇水平的反应，以及不同水平和来源的蛋白质和氨基酸补充剂对酒精利用和戒断性癫痫发作的影响。当酒精水平低于总热量的30%或饮食的4.5%时，高热量/高碳水化合物液体饮食耐受性良好。当饮食中酒精含量为6%或总热量的33%时，与较低乙醇水平相比，生长和戒断性癫痫发作率受到负面影响，尽管乙醇消耗量（克/千克/天）没有差异。然后通过将蛋白质热量从13%增加到20%来改变6%酒精饮食。这种补充改善了动物的生长速度并降低了戒断性癫痫发作率。酪蛋白和大豆蛋白都观察到了额外蛋白质带来的改善，且这并非归因于任何一种甚至几种可能作为递质前体的氨基酸。代表13%和20%酪蛋白蛋白质热量之间氨基酸差异的所有必需氨基酸混合物与等量的完整蛋白质效果相同。当将相当于7%酪蛋白蛋白质热量的非必需氨基酸添加到13%蛋白质热量饮食中时，戒断性癫痫发作率增加，可能是由于加剧了13%蛋白质饮食中的蛋白质缺乏。得出的结论是，对于大鼠有效利用6%乙醇液体饮食而言，一种每千克含有1000 - 1200千卡热量、20%热量来自蛋白质且50%热量来自碳水化合物的饮食提供了最佳的营养平衡。
