Horowitz A M, Goodman H S, Yellowitz J A, Nourjah P A
National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-6401, USA.
J Public Health Dent. 1996 Fall;56(6):319-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.1996.tb02459.x.
This review paper provides a rationale for using health promotion to help reduce morbidity and mortality due to oral cancers by identifying barriers to prevention and early detection of these cancers and discussing strategies for change.
A literature review of the following areas was conducted: epidemiology of and risk factors for oral cancers; knowledge, opinions, and practices of health care providers and the public regarding prevention, early detection, and control of oral cancers; and policies and regulations that either enhance or act as barriers to the prevention and early detection of oral cancers.
Overall, the public is ill-informed about risk factors for and signs and symptoms of oral cancers and relatively few US adults have had an oral cancer examination. Further, health care providers are remiss in providing oral cancer examinations and detecting early oral cancers.
To achieve the 13 oral cancer objectives contained in "Healthy People 2000," health care providers and the public must know the risk factors for these cancers as well as their signs and symptoms. Further, health care providers need to provide oral cancer examinations routinely and competently. Equally important, the public needs to know that an examination for oral cancer is available and that they can request one routinely. Thus, a vigorous agenda that includes education, policy, and research initiatives is needed to enhance oral cancer prevention and early detection.
本综述文章通过识别口腔癌预防和早期检测的障碍并讨论变革策略，为利用健康促进来帮助降低口腔癌导致的发病率和死亡率提供理论依据。
对以下领域进行了文献综述：口腔癌的流行病学和危险因素；医疗保健提供者及公众关于口腔癌预防、早期检测和控制的知识、观点及做法；以及促进或阻碍口腔癌预防和早期检测的政策和法规。
总体而言，公众对口腔癌的危险因素以及体征和症状了解不足，相对较少的美国成年人接受过口腔癌检查。此外，医疗保健提供者在提供口腔癌检查和检测早期口腔癌方面存在疏忽。
为实现《2000年美国人健康目标》中包含的13项口腔癌目标，医疗保健提供者和公众必须了解这些癌症的危险因素及其体征和症状。此外，医疗保健提供者需要定期且熟练地提供口腔癌检查。同样重要的是，公众需要知道可以进行口腔癌检查，并且他们可以定期要求进行检查。因此，需要一个包括教育、政策和研究倡议的有力议程来加强口腔癌的预防和早期检测。
