Shugars D C, Patton L L
Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, USA.
Nurse Pract. 1997 Jun;22(6):105, 109-10, 113-5 passim.
Unlike many other malignancies, cancers of the mouth and surrounding tissues continue to cause considerable mortality and morbidity in this country. Therefore, early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with oral cancer must be a high priority for all health care providers. This review is aimed at heightening the awareness of clinicians to the early signs and symptoms of oral cancer. Recognition of early lesions is crucial for improved long-term patient survival. Factors such as advanced age, tobacco and/or alcohol use, chronic sum exposure, and a previous diagnosis of cancer can alert clinicians to patients who may be at risk for developing oral cancer. Because most oral malignancies are asymptomatic and may mimic benign conditions, any suspicious lesion should be carefully examined and, if appropriate, referred immediately for histological examination. Measures such as annual oral cancer screening examinations and patient education that stress early signs and symptoms of oral cancer can also help to reduce the risk in high-risk individuals.
与许多其他恶性肿瘤不同，口腔及周围组织的癌症在该国仍导致相当高的死亡率和发病率。因此，对口腔癌患者进行早期检测、诊断和治疗必须是所有医疗保健提供者的高度优先事项。本综述旨在提高临床医生对口腔癌早期体征和症状的认识。识别早期病变对于提高患者长期生存率至关重要。高龄、吸烟和/或饮酒、长期阳光照射以及既往癌症诊断等因素可使临床医生警惕可能有患口腔癌风险的患者。由于大多数口腔恶性肿瘤无症状且可能类似良性疾病，任何可疑病变都应仔细检查，如有必要，应立即转诊进行组织学检查。诸如每年进行口腔癌筛查检查以及对患者进行强调口腔癌早期体征和症状的教育等措施，也有助于降低高危个体的风险。
