Bourgeault I L, Fynes M
York Centre for Health Studies, York University, North York, Ontario, Canada.
Soc Sci Med. 1997 Apr;44(7):1051-63. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(96)00290-0.
The integration of midwifery into the health care systems in the U.S. and Canada has invoked scholars to speak of a "rise of midwifery". Despite the gains that the profession of midwifery has made in both countries, there are some interesting differences in how midwifery is organized and practised in these two settings. Briefly, in the U.S. midwifery currently exists as a profession divided between nurse- and non-nurse-midwives, or "lay" midwives, with greater acceptance and legitimacy garnered by the former, whereas midwifery in some jurisdictions in Canada has gained legitimacy as a unified profession separate from nursing. An analysis of the differences in the development and organization of lay and nurse-midwifery in Canada and the U.S. highlights the importance of differences in the system of health professions in these two countries, the role of the state in this system, and the relationship between feminism, midwifery and the state on the outcome of efforts to integrate midwifery.
在美国和加拿大，助产服务纳入医疗保健系统促使学者们提及“助产术的兴起”。尽管助产行业在这两个国家都取得了进展，但在这两种环境中，助产服务的组织和实践方式存在一些有趣的差异。简而言之，在美国，助产术目前作为一个职业，分为护士助产士和非护士助产士（即“外行”助产士），前者获得了更高的认可度和合法性；而在加拿大的一些司法管辖区，助产术作为一个独立于护理的统一职业获得了合法性。对加拿大和美国外行助产士与护士助产士在发展和组织上的差异进行分析，凸显了这两个国家卫生专业体系差异、国家在该体系中的作用，以及女权主义、助产术和国家之间的关系对助产服务整合努力结果的重要性。
