Hardalo C, Edberg S C
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Yale-New Haven Hospital, CT, USA.
Crit Rev Microbiol. 1997;23(1):47-75. doi: 10.3109/10408419709115130.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an ubiquitous environmental bacterium. It can be recovered, often in high numbers, in common food, especially vegetables. Moreover, it can be recovered in low numbers in drinking water. A small percentage of clones of P. aeruginosa possesses the required number of virulence factors to cause infection. However, P. aeruginosa will not proliferate on normal tissue but requires previously organs. Further narrowing the risk to human health is that only certain specific hosts are at risk, including patients with profound neutropenia, cystic fibrosis, severe burns, and those subject to foreign device installation. Other than these very well-defined groups, the general population is refractory to infection with P. aeruginosa. Because of its ubiquitous nature, it is not only not practical to eliminate P. aeruginosa from our food and drinking water, but attempts to do so would produce disinfection byproducts more hazardous than the species itself. Moreover, because there is no readily available sensitive and specific means to detect and identify P. aeruginosa available in the field, any potential regulation governing its control would not have a defined laboratory test measure of outcome. Accordingly, attempts to regulate P. aeruginosa in drinking water would not yield public health protection benefits and could, in fact, be counterproductive in this regard.
铜绿假单胞菌是一种广泛存在于环境中的细菌。它在常见食物尤其是蔬菜中经常能大量检出。此外，在饮用水中也能少量检出。一小部分铜绿假单胞菌克隆具备引发感染所需数量的毒力因子。然而，铜绿假单胞菌不会在正常组织上增殖，而是需要先前受损的器官。进一步缩小对人类健康的风险范围的是，只有某些特定宿主存在风险，包括严重中性粒细胞减少症患者、囊性纤维化患者、严重烧伤患者以及接受外来器械植入的患者。除了这些明确界定的群体外，普通人群对铜绿假单胞菌感染具有抵抗力。由于其广泛存在的特性，不仅从我们的食物和饮用水中消除铜绿假单胞菌不切实际，而且这样做会产生比该菌种本身更具危害性的消毒副产物。此外，由于现场没有现成的灵敏且特异的检测和鉴定铜绿假单胞菌的方法，任何有关其控制的潜在法规都不会有明确的实验室检测结果衡量标准。因此，试图对饮用水中的铜绿假单胞菌进行监管不会带来公共卫生保护效益，实际上在这方面可能会适得其反。
