Pharmaceutical services in the United States Army.

The status of pharmaceutical services in the United States Army is described. The Army Medical Department (AMEDD) has 157 commissioned pharmacy officers and 399 civilian pharmacists working in the United States and overseas. Pharmaceutical services are provided from fixed medical treatment facilities on Army installations and, during war and other field operations, field hospitals. Reductions in personnel and facility closures have helped align the AMEDD with the size of the Army's activeduty force, but there has been only a 15% reduction in the number of eligible beneficiaries. Measures such as the interservice TRICARE program have been implemented to help meet the continued high demand for pharmaceutical services cost-effectively. Army pharmacy is similar to civilian pharmacy, except that Army hospitals often include high-volume outpatient pharmacies not usually found in civilian institutions. Pharmacists are being given direct patient care roles on multidisciplinary teams. Army pharmacists participate in field exercises so that they will be prepared to provide services under combat conditions. The AMEDD trains its own pharmacy technicians in a highly structured 18-week course. A triservice Pharmacoeconomic Center (PEC) has been established with the goal of providing prescribers with the tools for making cost-effective decisions about drug therapy, including a formulary. Army pharmacy officers have broad opportunities to further their education and training. In preparing for the next century, Army pharmacists need to continue to prove their value to the AMEDD, the Army, and the Department of Defense.