Shen X M, Yan C H, Guo D, Wu S M, Li R Q, Huang H, Ao L M, Zhou J D, Hong Z Y, Xu J D, Jin X M, Tang J M
Division of Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Second Medical University, China.
Biomed Environ Sci. 1997 Mar;10(1):38-46.
This study was designed to determine the cord blood lead (BPb) levels of babies born in one urban area of Shanghai, and to preliminarily identify the demographic, social environment and prenatal factors which have an effect on the cord BPb concentrations. From August to November 1993, umbilical cord blood samples were obtained from 605 live newborns in the Yangpu Maternal and Child Hospital. 257 samples were excluded from measurement because of clotting. In 348 cord samples, the geometric mean of cord BPb levels was 9.2 micrograms/dl, with a 95% confidence interval of the mean 8.86-9.54 (micrograms/dl). 142 babies (40.8%) had cord BPb levels of 10 micrograms/dl or greater. As a result of this high percentage of newborns with BPb levels equal to or greater than 10 micrograms/dl, we estimate that each year in the Shanghai City about 60,000 newborns are at risk for developing neuropsychological deficiencies caused by maternal lead exposure during pregnancy. To investigate the factors affecting cord blood levels, the subjects with levels greater than the 70th percentile (10.7 micrograms/dl) (n = 104) and less than the 30th percentile (7.4 micrograms/dl) (n = 104) were selected to compare the demographic, environment and prenatal medical history. Increased BPb levels at birth were associated with maternal passive smoking, a family member being occupationally exposed to lead, proximity to major traffic way, household coal combustion, neighborhood coal combustion, low level of maternal occupations, and the increasing occurrence of having the high lead foodstuff pidan (preserved duck egg) during pregnancy. We conclude that prenatal lead exposure has become an important health issue for young children in Shanghai.
本研究旨在测定上海市某城区出生婴儿的脐血铅（BPb）水平，并初步确定影响脐血BPb浓度的人口统计学、社会环境和产前因素。1993年8月至11月，从杨浦区妇幼保健院的605例活产新生儿中采集脐血样本。由于凝血，257份样本被排除在测量之外。在348份脐血样本中，脐血BPb水平的几何平均值为9.2微克/分升，平均95%置信区间为8.86 - 9.54（微克/分升）。142名婴儿（40.8%）的脐血BPb水平达到或高于10微克/分升。鉴于BPb水平等于或高于10微克/分升的新生儿比例如此之高，我们估计上海市每年约有60000名新生儿有因孕期母亲铅暴露而出现神经心理缺陷的风险。为了研究影响脐血水平的因素，选择BPb水平高于第70百分位数（10.7微克/分升）（n = 104）和低于第30百分位数（7.4微克/分升）（n = 104）的受试者，比较其人口统计学、环境和产前病史。出生时BPb水平升高与母亲被动吸烟、家庭成员职业性铅暴露、靠近主要交通干道、家庭燃煤、邻里燃煤、母亲职业水平低以及孕期食用高铅食品皮蛋（咸鸭蛋）的情况增加有关。我们得出结论，产前铅暴露已成为上海幼儿的一个重要健康问题。
