Rockstroh B, Cohen R, Berg P, Klein C
Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Germany.
Int J Psychophysiol. 1997 Feb;25(2):155-67. doi: 10.1016/s0167-8760(96)00741-6.
Previous studies using the delayed-matching-to-sample paradigm with visual stimuli reliably induced a postimperative negative variation (PINV) in both schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. The PINV was found to be: (a) larger in schizophrenic patients than controls; (b) larger under conditions of ambiguous as compared to clear matching conditions; and (c) larger over right-hemispheric, fronto-temporal regions in controls, while a less asymmetrical distribution with a tendency for left-frontal predominance occurred in schizophrenic patients. The present study examined to what extent the development and scalp distribution of the PINV were modality-specific by applying the delayed-matching-to-sample design using auditory stimuli. Furthermore, the neurophysiological state during anticipatory negativity (CNV) and PINV was examined by presenting acoustic probe stimuli (one per trial on 50% of the trials) during baseline, CNV or PINV interval. Event-related slow and probe-evoked potentials were recorded in 13 patients with a chronic schizophrenic disorder (DSM-III-R) and 13 healthy control Ss from 15 electrode sites including midline and two sagittal rows over each hemisphere. Comparable group differences and effects of ambiguity on PINV amplitudes were found for both modalities, visual and auditory. The auditory stimuli produced a fronto-central distribution of the PINV in both groups. The probe-evoked vertexpotential was smaller in patients compared to controls, but exhibited comparable modulation with the largest amplitude during the CNV in both groups. Results suggest modality-non-specific cognitive determinants of the PINV. However, stimulus modality did affect the scalp distribution of the PINV. Probe-evoked responses point to different functional meaning of negativities prior to (CNV) and following (PINV) task-relevant stimuli.
以往使用视觉刺激的延迟匹配样本范式的研究，在精神分裂症患者和健康对照者中均可靠地诱发了指令后负变化（PINV）。研究发现，PINV具有以下特点：（a）精神分裂症患者的PINV大于对照组；（b）与清晰匹配条件相比，在模糊条件下PINV更大；（c）对照组中PINV在右半球额颞区域分布更大，而精神分裂症患者中PINV分布的不对称性较小，且有左额叶优势倾向。本研究通过应用使用听觉刺激的延迟匹配样本设计，考察了PINV的发展和头皮分布在多大程度上具有模态特异性。此外，通过在基线、CNV或PINV间隔期间呈现声学探测刺激（每次试验中50%的试验每次一个），考察了预期负性（CNV）和PINV期间的神经生理状态。在13例慢性精神分裂症患者（DSM-III-R）和13名健康对照者中，从包括中线和每个半球上的两列矢状线在内的15个电极部位记录了事件相关慢电位和探测诱发电位。在视觉和听觉两种模态下，均发现了可比的组间差异以及模糊性对PINV振幅的影响。两组中听觉刺激均使PINV呈额中央分布。与对照组相比，患者的探测诱发顶点电位较小，但在两组的CNV期间均表现出可比的调制，且振幅最大。结果表明PINV存在非模态特异性的认知决定因素。然而，刺激模态确实影响了PINV的头皮分布。探测诱发反应表明，在任务相关刺激之前（CNV）和之后（PINV）的负性具有不同的功能意义。
