Lew H, Chmiel R, Jerger J, Pomerantz J R, Jerger S
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
J Am Acad Audiol. 1997 Apr;8(2):104-18.
The purpose of this study was to examine linguistic influences on the auditory and visual processing of words both behaviorally and electrophysiologically. Our task yielded measures of the effect of irrelevant semantic content (Stroop interference) and of the effect of irrelevant linguistic variability (Garner interference). The behavioral results allow us to assess whether the linguistic and nonlinguistic dimensions of verbal stimuli are processed dependently or independently. The electrophysiologic results allow us to determine where any processing interactions are arising, particularly regarding perceptual versus postperceptual underpinnings, and to evaluate the similarity and dissimilarity between the two interference effects. Results show pronounced Stroop and Garner interference both behaviorally and electrophysiologically, indicating linguistic influences on auditory and visual processing. Subjects could not ignore the irrelevant linguistic dimension and attend selectively to the physical dimension of either spoken or written words. The results indicate that the physical and linguistic dimensions of words are not processed independently. With regard to the stage of processing underlying the interference effects, our results suggest that both Stroop and Garner interference involve multiple stages of processing. The two interference effects are not duplicate measures, however, and different electrophysiologic signatures were observed. Stroop interference is characterized by perceptual and postperceptual components. Similar electrophysiologic patterns within the auditory and visual modalities suggest that each interference effect is tapping similar processes for spoken and written stimuli.
本研究的目的是从行为学和电生理学角度，考察语言对单词听觉和视觉加工的影响。我们的任务产生了无关语义内容效应（斯特鲁普干扰）和无关语言变异性效应（加纳干扰）的测量指标。行为学结果使我们能够评估言语刺激的语言维度和非语言维度是依赖还是独立进行加工的。电生理学结果使我们能够确定任何加工交互作用发生的位置，特别是关于知觉与知觉后基础方面，并评估两种干扰效应之间的异同。结果表明，无论是行为学还是电生理学方面，都存在明显的斯特鲁普和加纳干扰，这表明语言对听觉和视觉加工有影响。受试者无法忽略无关的语言维度，而选择性地关注口语或书面语词的物理维度。结果表明，语词的物理维度和语言维度并非独立进行加工。关于干扰效应背后的加工阶段，我们的结果表明，斯特鲁普和加纳干扰都涉及多个加工阶段。然而，这两种干扰效应并非重复测量，并且观察到了不同的电生理特征。斯特鲁普干扰的特征是知觉和知觉后成分。听觉和视觉模态内相似的电生理模式表明，每种干扰效应针对口语和书面刺激挖掘的是相似的加工过程。
