Ringert R H, Gross A J
Klinik für Urologie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen.
Langenbecks Arch Chir Suppl Kongressbd. 1996;113:713-7.
Even in closed sterile transurethral catheter drainage, infections of the lower urinary tract are documented in 50% of cases after 1 week of indwelling catheter. Not all of these cases develop symptomatic catheter-associated urinary tract infection. Suprapubic catheter drainage of the bladder results in markedly later urinary tract infection, presenting 50% of patients infected on day 40. The markedly later onset of catheter-associated urinary tract infection makes the suprapubic approach to bladder drainage suitable for all those patients, who may need catheters for more than 3 days postoperatively. Transfusion-dependent bleeding after puncture in 2-4% of cases and perforation of adjacent organs in 0.3% are the main complications. Suprapubic insertion of a catheter is contraindicted in patients with bleeding disorders and in those with bladder cancer in their history.
即使在封闭的无菌经尿道导管引流中,留置导管1周后,50%的病例会出现下尿路感染。并非所有这些病例都会发展为有症状的导管相关性尿路感染。耻骨上膀胱导管引流导致尿路感染明显延迟出现,40天时50%的患者被感染。导管相关性尿路感染的明显延迟发作使耻骨上膀胱引流方法适用于所有术后可能需要导管超过3天的患者。2 - 4%的病例穿刺后出现依赖输血的出血,0.3%的病例出现邻近器官穿孔,这是主要并发症。有出血性疾病的患者以及有膀胱癌病史的患者禁忌进行耻骨上导管插入术。