Nikolić Lj
Department of Ophthalmology, Belgrade University.
Srp Arh Celok Lek. 1996 May-Jun;124(5-6):147-9.
Angiogenesis, the budding of new vessels from the preexistant capillaries and postcapillary venules, is an important biological phenomenon during reproduction, embryogenesis, and reparation. The sequence of events during angiogenesis includes the proteolysis of basement membranes and extracellular matrix, proliferation, migration and alignment of vascular endothelial cells, and the union of two buds into a vascular loop along the lines of traction and tesselation in the extracellular matrix. This change of phenotype seems to be necessary for the growth of many tumours, and for the enlargement of "dormant" metastases. It is influenced by a change of equilibrium between positive and negative regulators of angiogenesis, largely a family of angiogenic peptides with the affinity for heparin (that may be bond in an inactive state within basement membranes and activated by any lesion) on one side, and circulating suppressors of angiogenesis and tumour growth, thrombospondin and angiostatin, on the other side. Clinical evaluation of some of the two dozen known angioinhibitors for the treatment of age-related maculopathy, certain tumours, metastases and malignang ascites, is underway.
血管生成是指从已有的毛细血管和毛细血管后微静脉中长出新血管的过程，是生殖、胚胎发育和修复过程中的一种重要生物学现象。血管生成过程中的一系列事件包括基底膜和细胞外基质的蛋白水解、血管内皮细胞的增殖、迁移和排列，以及两个芽沿着细胞外基质中的牵引力和镶嵌线合并成一个血管环。这种表型变化似乎是许多肿瘤生长以及“休眠”转移灶扩大所必需的。它受到血管生成正负调节因子之间平衡变化的影响，一方面主要是一类对肝素具有亲和力的血管生成肽家族（它们可能以无活性状态结合在基底膜内，并通过任何损伤而被激活），另一方面是循环中的血管生成和肿瘤生长抑制因子，如血小板反应蛋白和血管抑素。目前正在对二十多种已知的血管生成抑制剂中的一些进行临床评估，以用于治疗年龄相关性黄斑病变、某些肿瘤、转移灶和恶性腹水。
