Bouras N, Szymanski L
UMDS, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
Int J Soc Psychiatry. 1997 Spring;43(1):64-71. doi: 10.1177/002076409704300106.
Mental health services for people with mental retardation have been receiving greater attention over recent years following a long period of inactivity. The main policy factors which influenced the developments of services were in the USA, the emphasis on deinstitutionalisation and normalisation, and in the UK the focus on social care. Progress in the assessment of psychiatric disorders and improved diagnostic techniques have stimulated the development of a wide range of mental health services for people with mental retardation, compatible with current ideology of community care on both sides of the Atlantic. Specialist multidisciplinary, community based and easily accessible mental health services should be available for people with mental retardation. Economic cost, quality of care, and training of professionals and direct care staff, remain some of the challenges faced by purchasers and providers of mental retardation and mental health services in both countries.
近年来，在经历了长期的停滞之后，为智力障碍者提供的心理健康服务受到了更多关注。影响服务发展的主要政策因素在美国是强调去机构化和正常化，在英国则是关注社会护理。精神疾病评估方面的进展以及诊断技术的改进，推动了为智力障碍者提供的广泛心理健康服务的发展，这与大西洋两岸当前的社区护理理念相契合。应为智力障碍者提供专门的多学科、基于社区且易于获得的心理健康服务。经济成本、护理质量以及专业人员和直接护理人员的培训，仍然是这两个国家智力障碍和心理健康服务的购买者和提供者所面临的一些挑战。
