Sanders W E, Sanders C C
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 1997 Apr;10(2):220-41. doi: 10.1128/CMR.10.2.220.
Knowledge of the genus Enterobacter and its role in human disease has expanded exponentially in recent years. The incidence of infection in the hospital and the community has increased. New clinical syndromes have been recognized. Enterobacter spp. have also been implicated as causes of other syndromes that traditionally have been associated almost exclusively with more easily treatable pathogens, such as group A streptococci and staphylococci. Rapid emergence of multiple-drug resistance has been documented in individual patients during therapy and in populations and environments with strong selective pressure from antimicrobial agents, especially the cephalosporins. Therapeutic options for patients infected with multiply resistant strains have become severely limited. Carbapenems or, alternatively, fluoroquinolones are the most predictively active options, although resistance to both classes has been observed on rare occasions. Enterobacter spp. appear well adapted for survival and even proliferation as the turn of the century approaches.
近年来，人们对肠杆菌属及其在人类疾病中的作用的认识呈指数级增长。医院和社区感染的发生率都有所上升。新的临床综合征已被确认。肠杆菌属也被认为是其他综合征的病因，而这些综合征传统上几乎只与更容易治疗的病原体有关，如A组链球菌和葡萄球菌。在治疗过程中的个体患者以及受到抗菌药物（尤其是头孢菌素）强大选择压力的人群和环境中，已记录到多重耐药性的迅速出现。感染多重耐药菌株的患者的治疗选择已受到严重限制。碳青霉烯类药物或氟喹诺酮类药物是最具预测活性的选择，尽管在极少数情况下也观察到了对这两类药物的耐药性。随着世纪之交的临近，肠杆菌属似乎很适应生存甚至增殖。
