Lemly AD
United States Forest Service, Southern Research Station Coldwater Fisheries Research Unit Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences Virginia Tech University Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0321, USA
Environ Manage. 1997 May;21(3):343-58. doi: 10.1007/s002679900034.
/ This paper presents a foundation for improving the risk assessmentprocess for freshwater wetlands. Integrating wetland science, i.e., use of anecosystem-based approach, is the key concept. Each biotic and abiotic wetlandcomponent should be identified and its contribution to ecosystem functionsand societal values determined when deciding whether a stressor poses anunreasonable risk to the sustainability of a particular wetland.Understanding the major external and internal factors that regulate theoperational conditions of wetlands is critical to risk characterization.Determining the linkages between these factors, and how they influence theway stressors affect wetlands, is the basis for an ecosystem approach.Adequate consideration of wetland ecology, hydrology, geomorphology, andsoils can greatly reduce the level of uncertainty associated with riskassessment and lead to more effective risk management. In order to formulateeffective solutions, wetland problems must be considered at watershed,landscape, and ecosystem scales. Application of an ecosystem approach can begreatly facilitated if wetland scientists and risk assessors work together todevelop a common understanding of the principles of both disciplines.KEY WORDS: Ecological risk assessment; Freshwater wetlands;Environmental pollution; Chemical stressors; Physical stressors; Biologicalstressors
本文为改进淡水湿地风险评估过程奠定了基础。整合湿地科学，即采用基于生态系统的方法，是关键理念。在判定某一压力源是否会对特定湿地的可持续性构成不合理风险时，应识别湿地的每一个生物和非生物组成部分，并确定其对生态系统功能和社会价值的贡献。了解调节湿地运行条件的主要外部和内部因素对于风险特征描述至关重要。确定这些因素之间的联系以及它们如何影响压力源对湿地的作用方式，是采用生态系统方法的基础。充分考虑湿地生态、水文、地貌和土壤，可大幅降低与风险评估相关的不确定性水平，并实现更有效的风险管理。为了制定有效的解决方案，必须在流域、景观和生态系统尺度上考虑湿地问题。如果湿地科学家和风险评估人员共同努力，就这两个学科的原理形成共同理解，那么采用生态系统方法将会得到极大促进。
生态风险评估；淡水湿地；环境污染；化学压力源；物理压力源；生物压力源
