Crandall C, Olson L, Fullerton L, Sklar D, Zumwalt R
Center for Injury Prevention, Research, and Education, University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA.
Acad Emerg Med. 1997 Apr;4(4):263-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.1997.tb03546.x.
To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978-1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.
利用急诊室（ED）和法医数据确定新墨西哥州儿童和成人非致命性和致命性穿透伤的模式。
作者回顾性地每隔5年对16年期间（1978 - 1993年）到该州一级创伤中心或州法医处就诊的所有穿透伤受害者进行抽样。比较儿童和成人非致命性和致命性火器伤及刺伤的发生率。
非致命伤发生率相似（火器伤，每10万人年34.3例；刺伤，35.1例）。然而，致命伤发生率有显著差异（火器伤，21.9例；刺伤，2.7例；相对风险：8.2；95%置信区间：5.4, 12.5）。1978年至1993年，儿童（p = 0.0043）和成人（p < 0.0001）的非致命伤发生率均有所上升，而致命性穿透伤则保持不变。儿童非致命伤增加是由于火器伤发生率上升。在成人中，刺伤和火器伤的非致命伤发生率均上升。
非致命伤数据表明非致命性暴力有所增加；致命伤数据表明暴力死亡率保持不变。损伤模式因年龄、创伤机制和数据来源而异。这些结果表明急诊室和法医数据存在差异，两者都需要用于指导伤害预防项目。
