Mandell I B, Buchanan-Smith J G, Holub B J, Campbell C P
Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
J Anim Sci. 1997 Apr;75(4):910-9. doi: 10.2527/1997.754910x.
We investigated the effects of fish meal (FM) in beef cattle diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid (FA) composition of longissimus muscle in 63 yearling steers (335 +/- 23 kg). High-moisture corn and alfalfa silage diets were supplemented with either a corn gluten/blood meal mixture or FM at 10% of the diet. Fish meal contained (as-is basis) 5.87 g/kg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 9.84 g/kg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Seven strategies were developed to feed either a control diet (no FM) or diets containing 5 or 10% FM with FM fed for either 56, 112, or 168 d before slaughter. Average daily gain and feed efficiency were not affected (P > .10) by FM feeding but DMI decreased. Within FM diets, cattle fed 5% FM consumed more (P < .01) DM and gained more (P < .02) than cattle fed 10% FM. Carcass traits were not affected (P > .05) by feeding strategy except for fatter (P < .05) and lower (P < .06) yielding carcasses in cattle fed 5 vs 10% FM diets. Fish meal feeding increased (P < .01) concentrations of (n-3) FA, including EPA and DHA, and decreased (P < .05) concentrations of arachidonic acid. Increasing the amount of dietary FM further increased (P < .01) concentrations of EPA and DHA and decreased (P < .05) concentrations of (n-6) FA. We estimate that a 114-g steak from cattle fed 10% FM would supply 35 to 90% of the current average daily intake of EPA and DHA in North America. The results indicate that FM may have a role in niche marketing of beef provided that eating quality is not compromised.
我们研究了肉牛日粮中鱼粉（FM）对63头一岁公牛（体重335±23千克）生长性能、胴体特征和背最长肌脂肪酸（FA）组成的影响。高水分玉米和苜蓿青贮日粮分别添加玉米蛋白粉/血粉混合物或占日粮10%的鱼粉。鱼粉（以原样计）含有5.87克/千克二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和9.84克/千克二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）。制定了七种饲喂策略，分别饲喂对照日粮（不含鱼粉）或含5%或10%鱼粉的日粮，且在屠宰前56、112或168天饲喂鱼粉。饲喂鱼粉对平均日增重和饲料效率没有影响（P>.10），但干物质采食量降低。在鱼粉日粮中，饲喂5%鱼粉的牛比饲喂10%鱼粉的牛消耗更多（P<.01）干物质且增重更多（P<.02）。除了饲喂5%与10%鱼粉日粮的牛相比，胴体更肥（P<.05）且产肉率更低（P<.06）外，饲喂策略对胴体性状没有影响（P>.05）。饲喂鱼粉增加了（P<.01）（n-3）脂肪酸的浓度，包括EPA和DHA，并降低了（P<.05）花生四烯酸的浓度。增加日粮中鱼粉的含量进一步提高了（P<.01）EPA和DHA的浓度，并降低了（P<.05）（n-6）脂肪酸的浓度。我们估计，来自饲喂10%鱼粉的牛的114克牛排可提供北美目前EPA和DHA平均日摄入量的35%至90%。结果表明，只要不影响食用品质，鱼粉可能在牛肉的小众市场销售中发挥作用。
