Wood R D, Shivji M K
Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Herts, UK.
Carcinogenesis. 1997 Apr;18(4):605-10. doi: 10.1093/carcin/18.4.605.
There are five well-characterized nuclear DNA polymerases in eukaryotes (DNA polymerases alpha, beta, delta, epsilon and zeta) and this short review summarizes our current knowledge concerning the participation of each in DNA-repair. The three major DNA excision-repair pathways involve a DNA synthesis step that replaces altered bases or nucleotides removed during repair. Base excision-repair removes many modified bases and abasic sites, and in mammalian cells this mainly involves DNA polymerase beta. An alternative means for completion of base excision-repair, involving DNA polymerases delta or epsilon, may also operate and be even more important in yeast. Nucleotide excision-repair uses DNA polymerases delta or epsilon to resynthesize the bases removed during repair of pyrimidine dimers and other bulky adducts in DNA. Similarly, mismatch-repair of replication errors appears to involve DNA polymerases delta or epsilon. DNA polymerase alpha is required for semi-conservative replication of DNA but not for repair of DNA. A more recently discovered enzyme, DNA polymerase zeta, appears to be involved in the bypass of damage, without excision, and occurs during DNA replication of a damaged template.
真核生物中有五种特征明确的核DNA聚合酶（DNA聚合酶α、β、δ、ε和ζ），这篇简短的综述总结了我们目前关于每种酶参与DNA修复的知识。三种主要的DNA切除修复途径都涉及一个DNA合成步骤，该步骤用于替换修复过程中去除的改变的碱基或核苷酸。碱基切除修复可去除许多修饰碱基和无碱基位点，在哺乳动物细胞中，这主要涉及DNA聚合酶β。另一种完成碱基切除修复的方式，涉及DNA聚合酶δ或ε，也可能起作用，并且在酵母中可能更为重要。核苷酸切除修复使用DNA聚合酶δ或ε来重新合成在修复DNA中的嘧啶二聚体和其他大的加合物过程中去除的碱基。同样，复制错误的错配修复似乎也涉及DNA聚合酶δ或ε。DNA聚合酶α是DNA半保留复制所必需的，但不是DNA修复所必需的。最近发现的一种酶，DNA聚合酶ζ，似乎参与了损伤的跨越，无需切除，并且发生在受损模板的DNA复制过程中。
