Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Sep 27;20(19):4814. doi: 10.3390/ijms20194814.
Maintenance of genome integrity is a key process in all organisms. DNA polymerases (Pols) are central players in this process as they are in charge of the faithful reproduction of the genetic information, as well as of DNA repair. Interestingly, all eukaryotes possess a large repertoire of polymerases. Three protein complexes, DNA Pol α, δ, and ε, are in charge of nuclear DNA replication. These enzymes have the fidelity and processivity required to replicate long DNA sequences, but DNA lesions can block their progression. Consequently, eukaryotic genomes also encode a variable number of specialized polymerases (between five and 16 depending on the organism) that are involved in the replication of damaged DNA, DNA repair, and organellar DNA replication. This diversity of enzymes likely stems from their ability to bypass specific types of lesions. In the past 10-15 years, our knowledge regarding plant DNA polymerases dramatically increased. In this review, we discuss these recent findings and compare acquired knowledge in plants to data obtained in other eukaryotes. We also discuss the emerging links between genome and epigenome replication.
维持基因组完整性是所有生物的关键过程。DNA 聚合酶（Pols）在这个过程中起着核心作用，因为它们负责遗传信息的忠实复制，以及 DNA 修复。有趣的是，所有真核生物都拥有大量的聚合酶。三个蛋白质复合物，DNA Pol α、δ 和 ε，负责核 DNA 复制。这些酶具有复制长 DNA 序列所需的保真度和连续性，但 DNA 损伤会阻碍它们的前进。因此，真核生物基因组还编码了数量不定的特殊聚合酶（取决于生物体，数量在 5 到 16 之间），这些酶参与受损 DNA 的复制、DNA 修复和细胞器 DNA 复制。这种酶的多样性可能源于它们能够绕过特定类型的损伤。在过去的 10-15 年中，我们对植物 DNA 聚合酶的认识有了显著提高。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了这些最新发现，并将植物中获得的知识与其他真核生物获得的数据进行了比较。我们还讨论了基因组和表观基因组复制之间新出现的联系。
