Canna-Michaelidou S, Nicolaou A S
General Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Cyprus.
Sci Total Environ. 1996 Dec 13;193(1):27-35. doi: 10.1016/s0048-9697(96)05322-3.
Ten pesticides: aldicarb, aldicard sulfone, aldicarb oxide, carbofuran, propoxur, methomyl, diuron, linuron, alachlor and parathion-methyl, found as water pollutants in Cyprus, were evaluated for their genotoxicity potential with the Mutatox test, both directly and after exogenous activation with S9 hepatic enzymes. A dark variant (M 169) of the Photobacterium phosphoreum was used as the test organism. Trials were undertaken in triplicate using ground-water spiked with pesticides solutions at testing concentration theoretically corresponding to acute effects of 0.004%, up to a maximum of 2%. All tested pesticides were found to be 'suspect genotoxic' directly and after S-9 activation, except for Alachlor which after S-9 activation was found to be 'genotoxic' at 30 micrograms/l. Among the ten pesticides Linuron was found to be 'suspect genotoxic' after S-9 activation at the lowest concentration, i.e. 2 micrograms/l. Genotoxicity after activation with S-9 was demonstrated at a concentration 1-3 orders of magnitude lower than the respective concentration for direct genotoxic effects. Moreover, genotoxicity after S-9 was developed at levels where the acute toxic effects (Microtox) were 'non measurable' to 'negligible'. The investigation of possible genotoxic effects provides essential information on the impacts of pesticides on the Ecosystem and can contribute to the selection of pesticides with the least possible effects.
涕灭威、涕灭威砜、涕灭威亚砜、克百威、残杀威、灭多威、敌草隆、利谷隆、甲草胺和甲基对硫磷，使用Mutatox试验直接以及在用S9肝酶进行外源性活化后，对其遗传毒性潜力进行了评估。发光杆菌的一个深色变种（M 169）被用作试验生物。试验进行了三次重复，使用理论上对应于0.004%急性效应的测试浓度的加标农药溶液的地下水，最高浓度为2%。所有测试农药在直接测试和S-9活化后均被发现“疑似具有遗传毒性”，除了甲草胺，其在S-9活化后在30微克/升时被发现“具有遗传毒性”。在这十种农药中，利谷隆在S-9活化后在最低浓度即2微克/升时被发现“疑似具有遗传毒性”。用S-9活化后的遗传毒性在比直接遗传毒性效应的相应浓度低1至3个数量级的浓度下得到证实。此外，S-9活化后的遗传毒性在急性毒性效应（微毒性）“无法测量”至“可忽略不计”的水平上出现。对可能的遗传毒性效应的研究提供了关于农药对生态系统影响的重要信息，并有助于选择具有最小影响的农药。
