Tefft B M, Pederson A M, Babigian H M
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1977 Oct;34(10):1155-61. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1977.01770220037003.
This epidemeological study examines patterns of mortality for a population of suicide attempters, a psychiatric population without suicide attempts, and a general population without psychiatric histories in order to clarify earlier reports of differential risks of death associated with these groups. Mortality patterns were investigated over an 11-year period in terms of demographic characteristics and rates of death by various causes. Suicidal deaths were given special attention to identify variables that may have predictive validity for suicide. The results indicate that the suicide attempter group represents a distinctive demographic and mortality entity from either the psychiatric or general populations, and accounts for much of the increased risk of death previously attributed to the psychiatric population. Further, premature deaths due to suicide are strongly associated with the suicide attempter group. The psychiatric and general populations differ in relatively insignificant ways. These results suggest that a profitable approach to the prevention of suicide would be to focus on individuals who were at high risk within the suicide attempter population. Longer-term follow-up of these individuals is necessary if deaths due to suicide are to be prevented. Difficulties associated with implementation of preventive follow-up programs are also discussed.
这项流行病学研究调查了自杀未遂人群、无自杀未遂的精神疾病患者群体以及无精神病史的普通人群的死亡率模式，以澄清此前有关这些群体死亡风险差异的报告。在11年的时间里，根据人口统计学特征和各种原因导致的死亡率对死亡模式进行了调查。特别关注自杀死亡情况，以确定可能对自杀具有预测效度的变量。结果表明，自杀未遂人群在人口统计学和死亡率方面是一个独特的群体，与精神疾病患者群体或普通人群均不同，并且是此前归因于精神疾病患者群体的死亡风险增加的主要原因。此外，自杀导致的过早死亡与自杀未遂人群密切相关。精神疾病患者群体和普通人群的差异相对较小。这些结果表明，预防自杀的有效方法是关注自杀未遂人群中的高危个体。如果要预防自杀死亡，对这些个体进行长期随访是必要的。同时还讨论了实施预防性随访计划所面临的困难。
