Bradbury C L, King D K, Middleton R G
Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA.
J Urol. 1997 May;157(5):1854-6. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(01)64884-5.
Although urology continues to be a male dominated field, the participation and influence of women within the specialty are growing. In the United States as of July 1995, 56 of 1,339 urology residents (4.2%) and 97 of 8,227 board certified urologists (1.2%) were women. The demographics of this group, including age, board certification, fellowship experience and practice patterns, are unknown. Mentorship and motivations leading to urology as a specialty choice for women are also unreported.
We surveyed 161 female urologists by mail.
Of the women surveyed 80% responded. Female urologists tend to be young and board certified, 39% are fellowship trained and 22% hold full-time academic positions. Women were discouraged from selecting urology as a specialty because of gender. Many women had male (59%) or no (35%) mentors throughout the training years, 70% were married and 44% had children. Of the 25 respondents who had children during residency most (84%) felt supported by the program director and resident peers. Despite obstacles 94% of female urologists would encourage other women to enter urology.
Female urologists are young, well educated and career oriented. Although most did not have mentors during training, there is a high level of job satisfaction and low attrition after training.
尽管泌尿外科仍然是一个男性主导的领域，但女性在该专业中的参与度和影响力正在不断提高。截至1995年7月，在美国，1339名泌尿外科住院医生中有56名（4.2%）是女性，8227名获得委员会认证的泌尿外科医生中有97名（1.2%）是女性。该群体的人口统计学特征，包括年龄、委员会认证、专科培训经历和执业模式，均不为人所知。导致女性选择泌尿外科作为专业的指导和动机也未被报道。
我们通过邮件对161名女性泌尿外科医生进行了调查。
参与调查的女性中有80%进行了回复。女性泌尿外科医生往往较为年轻且获得了委员会认证，39%接受过专科培训，22%担任全职学术职位。由于性别原因，女性在选择泌尿外科作为专业时受到阻碍。在整个培训期间，许多女性有男性导师（59%）或没有导师（35%），70%已婚，44%育有子女。在25名在住院期间生育子女的受访者中，大多数（84%）感到得到了项目主任和住院医生同行的支持。尽管存在障碍，但94%的女性泌尿外科医生会鼓励其他女性进入泌尿外科领域。
女性泌尿外科医生年轻、受过良好教育且以职业为导向。尽管大多数人在培训期间没有导师，但培训后工作满意度较高且流失率较低。
