Macfarlane P W, Coleman E N, Simpson A
Br Heart J. 1977 Oct;39(10):1102-8. doi: 10.1136/hrt.39.10.1102.
Preliminary studies have been made on the use of the modified axial lead system in infancy and childhood. A highly significant correlation between internipple distance and height suggested that internipple distance be used as an index for the selection of a template to facilitate placement of the chest electrodes (Z and X). A series of 4 triangular templates was designed. The use of a template one size too large or too small was shown not to lead to any significant error in waveform measurement. A further study showed that the reference level for the application of the praecordial electrodes should be the 5th intercostal space as for adults, but that no serious diagnostic error was likely to arise if the 4th or 6th intercostal space was chosen by mistake. A study of the Frank lead system suggested that the use of the 5th intercostal space as a reference level was more appropriate than the 4th intercostal space, which is generally adopted by users of that system. The conclusion reached was that the axial lead system is the preferred orthogonal lead system for children, with templates for 4 ranges of internipple distance (less than 10 cm; 15 to 20 cm; and less than 20 cm--adult build) being proposed to simplify electrode placement.
已对改良轴向导联系统在婴幼儿期和儿童期的应用进行了初步研究。乳头间距与身高之间存在高度显著的相关性，这表明乳头间距可作为选择模板以方便放置胸部电极（Z和X）的指标。设计了一系列4种三角形模板。结果显示，使用尺寸过大或过小的模板不会导致波形测量出现任何显著误差。进一步的研究表明，胸前电极的应用参考水平应与成人一样为第5肋间，但如果误选第4或第6肋间，不太可能出现严重的诊断错误。对Frank导联系统的一项研究表明，以第5肋间作为参考水平比第4肋间更合适，而该系统的使用者通常采用第4肋间。得出的结论是，轴向导联系统是儿童首选的正交导联系统，并提出了4种乳头间距范围（小于10厘米；15至20厘米；小于20厘米——成人身材）的模板以简化电极放置。
