Mulhall B P
Int J STD AIDS. 1996 Nov-Dec;7(7):455-65. doi: 10.1258/0956462961918419.
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) continue to be the most common notifiable infectious conditions worldwide. Their unacceptably high incidence is underlined by the recent emergence of a (presently) incurable and lethal STD--human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection--which merits its description as a pandemic, and with which other STDs interact in an epidemiological synergy. Data that quantify the association between STDs/HIV infection with travel and difficult to obtain; nevertheless figures are presented that reveal the lower limit to be large enough to be of considerable concern. Studies from around the world show, overall, although knowledge of STDs is increasing amongst travellers, the level of knowledge has little to do with actual behaviour, with a modest increase in the use of condoms, but abundant evidence that a wide variety of sexual behaviours take place among travellers and with local inhabitants. Certain travellers, by virtue of their behavioural interactions with 'core-groups' of efficient transmitters, may have a high risk of acquisition of an STD/HIV. Worldwide, sexual health promotion for travellers is in its infancy; indeed, it could more accurately be merely described as 'sexual education'. A fresh approach is recommended, which includes comprehensive programme planning and outcome, impact, and process evaluations.
性传播疾病（STDs）仍然是全球最常见的应报告传染病。近期出现的一种（目前）无法治愈且致命的性传播疾病——人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染，突显了其高得令人无法接受的发病率，这种疾病堪称大流行，且与其他性传播疾病在流行病学上相互作用。量化性传播疾病/ HIV感染与旅行之间关联的数据难以获取；不过，所呈现的数据显示，下限大到足以令人相当担忧。世界各地的研究总体表明，尽管旅行者对性传播疾病的了解在增加，但知识水平与实际行为几乎没有关系，避孕套的使用略有增加，但有充分证据表明旅行者与当地居民之间存在各种各样的性行为。某些旅行者由于与高效传播者的“核心群体”有行为互动，感染性传播疾病/ HIV的风险可能很高。在全球范围内，针对旅行者的性健康促进尚处于起步阶段；实际上，更准确地说，它可能仅仅被描述为“性教育”。建议采用一种新方法，包括全面的项目规划以及结果、影响和过程评估。
