Mulhall B P
University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Br Med Bull. 1993 Apr;49(2):394-411. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072617.
Sexually transmissible diseases (STDs) continue to be the most common notifiable infectious conditions worldwide. Their unacceptably high incidence is underlined by the recent emergence of a (presently) incurable and lethal STD, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which merits its description as a pandemic, and with which other STDs interact in an epidemiological synergy. Certain travellers, by virtue of their behavioural interactions with 'core-groups' of efficient transmitters, may have a high relative risk of acquisition of an STD. This risk can be virtually eliminated by avoiding penetrative sexual intercourse with casual partners, especially injecting drug users and persons who have had multiple sexual partners (particularly prostitutes), or reduced by the use of condoms. The risk of parenteral exposure can be reduced by avoiding parenteral drug use and behaviour that is likely to lead to injury and by seeking facilities with adequate capabilities to screen blood donors and to sterilize instruments.
性传播疾病（STDs）仍然是全球最常见的应报告传染病。一种（目前）无法治愈且致命的性传播疾病——人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染的近期出现，凸显了其高得令人无法接受的发病率，这种疾病堪称大流行，并且与其他性传播疾病在流行病学上存在协同作用。某些旅行者，由于他们与高效传播者的“核心群体”存在行为互动，感染性传播疾病的相对风险可能很高。通过避免与随意性伴侣进行插入式性交，尤其是注射吸毒者和有多个性伴侣的人（特别是妓女），这种风险几乎可以消除，或者通过使用避孕套来降低。通过避免注射吸毒和可能导致受伤的行为，并寻求具备足够能力筛查献血者和对器械进行消毒的设施，可以降低经肠道外接触的风险。
