Jöchle W
Wolfgang Jöchle Assoc. Inc., Denville, NJ 07834, USA.
Equine Vet J Suppl. 1989 Jun(7):117-20. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05669.x.
In this uncontrolled clinical study 12 investigators cooperated to evaluate the analgesic and sedative effect of detomidine (DORMOSEDAN; Farmos Group Ltd; Finland) in 234 horses with abdominal pain caused by colic. The study was designed to use each animal as its own control and to evaluate its response to the drug over a 60 min period. Detomidine was given intravenously (i.v.) once in 169 cases (167 horses, 1 mule, 1 donkey) at a dose of 20 micrograms/kg bodyweight (bwt), and to 65 horses at 40 micrograms/kg bwt. The higher dose was used predominantly in horses with severe pain which were more often in poor health and therefore given a poor prognosis. Sedation and analgesia, rated as satisfactory or highly satisfactory, was achieved in 96 per cent of cases, without obvious differences between doses, sex, breed and species. First clinical signs of sedation and analgesia were recorded within 2.5 and 3.2 mins, respectively, and deep sedation and analgesia were achieved by 4.2 and 5.1 mins. Objective evaluation of analgesia was based on clinical scores related to behaviour (eg sweating, kicking, pawing, head and body movement, stretching, lip curling, attitude and appetite). In five of seven of these parameters the 40 micrograms/kg bwt treatment scored higher initially (P < 0.001) and took longer to return to normal. Although most cases treated with 20 micrograms/kg bwt returned to almost normal levels by 15 mins, those treated with 40 micrograms/kg required 30 mins. Animals not responding to either dose of detomidine went to surgery and/or were destroyed. These involved intestinal strangulation, incarceration, and torsion or rotation of the intestinal tract. No differences were found between doses in the occurrence of side effects. As expected, heart rates and respiratory rates decreased and recovered slowly. Other side effects were recorded in approximately 37 per cent of cases and consisted of instability (27.1 per cent of all other side effects), sweating (14.5 per cent), cardiovascular abnormalities (arrhythmias: 15.1 per cent) and abnormal reactions to sensorial stimuli (6.6 per cent). Less than 20 per cent of the side effects were classified as 'strong' or 'very strong' and none was considered serious. No deaths were attributed to the drug.
在这项非对照临床研究中，12名研究人员合作评估了右美托咪定（多咪静；法莫斯集团有限公司；芬兰）对234匹因绞痛引起腹痛的马匹的镇痛和镇静效果。该研究旨在将每只动物作为自身对照，并评估其在60分钟内对药物的反应。169例（167匹马、1头骡子、1头驴）静脉注射（i.v.）右美托咪定，剂量为20微克/千克体重（bwt），65匹马静脉注射剂量为40微克/千克bwt。较高剂量主要用于疼痛严重的马匹，这些马匹健康状况较差，因此预后不良。镇静和镇痛效果被评为满意或高度满意的病例占96%，不同剂量、性别、品种和物种之间无明显差异。镇静和镇痛的首次临床体征分别在2.5分钟和3.2分钟内记录到，深度镇静和镇痛分别在4.2分钟和5.1分钟时达到。镇痛的客观评估基于与行为相关的临床评分（如出汗、踢腿、刨地、头部和身体运动、伸展、卷唇、姿势和食欲）。在这些参数中的7个参数中的5个参数中，40微克/千克bwt治疗组最初得分更高（P < 0.001），恢复正常所需时间更长。虽然大多数接受20微克/千克bwt治疗的病例在15分钟时恢复到几乎正常水平，但接受40微克/千克治疗的病例需要30分钟。对两种剂量右美托咪定均无反应的动物进行了手术和/或安乐死。这些情况包括肠绞窄、嵌顿以及肠道扭转或旋转。不同剂量之间在副作用发生率方面未发现差异。正如预期的那样，心率和呼吸频率下降且恢复缓慢。约37%的病例记录到其他副作用，包括站立不稳（占所有其他副作用的27.1%）、出汗（14.5%）、心血管异常（心律失常：15.1%）以及对感觉刺激的异常反应（6.6%）。不到20%的副作用被归类为“强烈”或“非常强烈”，且无一被认为严重。没有死亡归因于该药物。
