Frank C, Weiss H
Institut für Psychotherapie und Med. Psychologie, Universität Wüzburg.
Int J Psychoanal. 1996 Dec;77 ( Pt 6):1101-26.
Using the example of the analysis of 6-year-old Erna, which extended over more than two years and was the longest treatment conducted by Melanie Klein in her Berlin years, the authors demonstrate the importance of her early child analyses for the development of some of her concepts and hence for a decisive advance in psychoanalysis itself. For this purpose they adduce unpublished original documents found among Klein's papers in London, which include autobiographical material, the text of her Würzburg lecture on her obsessional-neurotic little patient, handwritten session notes, and drawings by Erna herself. Although in the author's view Klein attempted to accommodate her findings within Freud's theoretical framework, her clinical experience of the psychic reality of the relational world of early oedipality eventually called for the introduction of new concepts. The combined parent figure, primary sadism, the paranoid-schizoid position, splitting, the relevance of the death drive to the superego, and later formulations on reparation, envy and gratitude are all shown to be foreshadowed in Klein's account of the treatment of Erna. After some retrospective considerations of Erna's analysis and a fleeting glimpse of Erna as an adult, the authors conclude by emphasising the significance of Klein's emigration to England for the subsequent flowering of her work.
作者以对6岁的埃尔娜的分析为例，该分析持续了两年多，是梅兰妮·克莱因在柏林时期进行的最长的治疗案例。作者借此展示了她早期儿童分析对其一些概念发展的重要性，进而对精神分析本身的决定性进展具有重要意义。为此，他们引用了在伦敦克莱因文件中发现的未发表的原始文件，其中包括自传材料、她关于患有强迫性神经症的小患者的维尔茨堡讲座文本、手写的会诊记录以及埃尔娜自己的画作。尽管在作者看来，克莱因试图将她的发现纳入弗洛伊德的理论框架，但她对早期俄狄浦斯期关系世界心理现实的临床经验最终促使她引入了新的概念。联合父母形象、原发性施虐、偏执分裂位置、分裂、死亡驱力与超我的相关性，以及后来关于修复、嫉妒和感恩的阐述，都在克莱因对埃尔娜治疗的描述中有所预示。在对埃尔娜的分析进行了一些回顾性思考，并对成年后的埃尔娜有了短暂一瞥之后，作者强调了克莱因移民到英国对其作品随后蓬勃发展的重要性，以此作为结论。
