Aguayo J
Int J Psychoanal. 1997 Dec;78 ( Pt 6):1165-82.
Historical examination of Klein's clinical synthesis through three crucial analytic relationships enables the author to account for the way in which the cultural background--gender, politics and textual analysis--informs theory formation. Klein's analysis with Ferenczi led to her work with children and self-analysis. With Abraham, she arrived at ideas about the origins of neurosis, linking severely disturbed with infantile states of mind. The author argues that the role of the cultural background must be explicated since Klein's initial clinical cohort existed in a Germany ravaged by starvation and absent fathers, which figured in the distinctive significance of the mother-child relationship. Klein's play technique involving toys understood it as the exteriorisation of the child's fantasy life, leading to fresh hypotheses about the early child. By 1925, her work collided with the interests of Sigmund and Anna Freud, who were in the throes of a succession crisis. It was imperative to establish Anna as the new 'pre-eminent' Freud, leading to hasty publication and direct critique of Klein's child technique. Through the intercession of Ernest Jones, who provided her with much needed support by 1927, the first shots of the Freud-Klein controversy were fired when Klein, propelled to centre stage in the international movement, established her reputation in London.
通过对克莱因与三位关键分析对象之间临床综合的历史考察，作者能够解释文化背景——性别、政治和文本分析——对理论形成产生影响的方式。克莱因与费伦齐的分析促使她开展儿童研究和自我分析工作。与亚伯拉罕一起时，她得出了关于神经症起源的观点，将严重困扰与婴儿期心理状态联系起来。作者认为，必须阐明文化背景的作用，因为克莱因最初的临床研究对象生活在一个遭受饥饿和父亲缺席困扰的德国，这在母婴关系的独特意义中有所体现。克莱因涉及玩具的游戏技巧将其视为儿童幻想生活的外在表现，从而产生了关于幼儿的新假设。到1925年，她的工作与西格蒙德·弗洛伊德和安娜·弗洛伊德的兴趣发生冲突，当时他们正处于一场继任危机之中。必须确立安娜为新的“杰出”弗洛伊德，这导致了仓促出版以及对克莱因儿童技巧的直接批评。通过欧内斯特·琼斯的调解，到1927年他为她提供了急需的支持，随着克莱因在国际精神分析运动中被推到中心舞台并在伦敦声名鹊起，弗洛伊德-克莱因之争的第一枪打响了。
