Houillon C, Bagnara J T
Laboratoire de Biologie Animale-Embryologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
Pigment Cell Res. 1996 Dec;9(6):281-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.1996.tb00119.x.
The expression of pigmentation patterns in axolotl pigmentary mutants was observed following three types of experimental manipulations including chimera formation, reciprocal neural crest grafts, of gonadal primordia. Three pigmentary genes were utilized including the wild type (D), white (d), and albino (a). In chimeras between white and albino embryos, melanoblasts from the white half crossed the graft interface to differentiate in albino skin. Neural crest grafts from white embryos to albinos provided melanophores of white origin that were capable of differentiation in albino skin. Grafts of gonadal primordia from albino to white embryos provided albino germ cells that formed unpigmented ovocytes together with dark ovocytes: white ovocytes from the albino grafted ovary, and dark ovocytes from the host ovary. The donor albino white ectoderm included in the graft was able to support the differentiation of melanophores, iridophores, and xanthophores that invaded the graft ectoderm from the neural crest of the white host. It was concluded that manifestation of the white or wild phenotypes may be related to the possible presence or absence of inhibiting or stimulating pigmentary factors in the skin. This possibility was discussed in the light of recent discoveries of such factors as Agouti Signaling Protein (ASP) from mammalian skin.
在蝾螈色素突变体中，通过三种实验操作观察色素沉着模式的表达，包括嵌合体形成、性腺原基的相互神经嵴移植。使用了三个色素基因，包括野生型（D）、白色（d）和白化（a）。在白色和白化胚胎之间的嵌合体中，来自白色半侧的成黑素细胞穿过移植界面，在白化皮肤中分化。从白色胚胎到白化胚胎的神经嵴移植提供了白色来源的黑素细胞，这些黑素细胞能够在白化皮肤中分化。从白化胚胎到白色胚胎的性腺原基移植提供了白化生殖细胞，这些细胞与深色卵母细胞一起形成无色素的卵母细胞：来自移植的白化卵巢的白色卵母细胞，以及来自宿主卵巢的深色卵母细胞。移植中包含的供体白化白色外胚层能够支持从白色宿主神经嵴侵入移植外胚层的黑素细胞、虹彩细胞和黄色素细胞的分化。得出的结论是，白色或野生表型的表现可能与皮肤中可能存在或不存在抑制或刺激色素的因素有关。根据最近从哺乳动物皮肤中发现的诸如刺鼠信号蛋白（ASP）等因素，讨论了这种可能性。
