Tobin D J, Bystryn J C
Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Medical School, New York, USA.
Pigment Cell Res. 1996 Dec;9(6):304-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.1996.tb00122.x.
Melanocytes in human skin reside both in the epidermis and in the matrix and outer root sheath of anagen hair follicles. Comparative study of melanocytes in these different locations has been difficult as hair follicle melanocytes could not be cultured . In this study we used a recently described method of growing hair follicle melanocytes to characterize and compare hair follicle and epidermal melanocytes in the scalp of the same individual. Three morphologically and antigenically distinct types of melanocytes were observed in primary culture. These included (1) moderately pigmented and polydendritic melanocytes derived from epidermis; (2) small, bipolar, amelanotic melanocytes; and (3) large, intensely pigmented melanocytes; the latter two were derived from hair follicles. The three sub-populations of cells all reacted with melanocyte-specific monoclonal antibody. Epidermal and amelanotic hair follicle melanocytes proliferated well in culture, whereas the intensely pigmented hair follicle melanocytes did not. Amelanotic hair follicle melanocytes differed from epidermal melanocytes in being less differentiated, and they expressed less mature melanosome antigens. In addition, hair follicle melanocytes expressed some antigens associated with alopecia areata, but not antigens associated with vitiligo, whereas the reverse was true for epidermal melanocytes. Thus antigenically different populations of melanocytes are present in epidermis and hair follicle. This could account for the preferential destruction of hair follicle melanocytes in alopecia areata and of epidermal melanocytes in vitiligo.
人类皮肤中的黑素细胞存在于表皮以及生长期毛囊的基质和外根鞘中。由于毛囊黑素细胞无法培养，对这些不同位置的黑素细胞进行比较研究一直很困难。在本研究中，我们使用了一种最近描述的培养毛囊黑素细胞的方法，来表征和比较同一个体头皮中的毛囊黑素细胞和表皮黑素细胞。在原代培养中观察到三种形态和抗原性不同的黑素细胞类型。这些包括：（1）源自表皮的中等色素沉着且多树突状的黑素细胞；（2）小的、双极的、无色素黑素细胞；以及（3）大的、色素沉着强烈的黑素细胞；后两种源自毛囊。这三个细胞亚群均与黑素细胞特异性单克隆抗体发生反应。表皮黑素细胞和无色素毛囊黑素细胞在培养中增殖良好，而色素沉着强烈的毛囊黑素细胞则不然。无色素毛囊黑素细胞与表皮黑素细胞的不同之处在于其分化程度较低，并且表达的成熟黑素体抗原较少。此外，毛囊黑素细胞表达一些与斑秃相关的抗原，但不表达与白癜风相关的抗原，而表皮黑素细胞则相反。因此，表皮和毛囊中存在抗原性不同的黑素细胞群体。这可以解释斑秃中毛囊黑素细胞以及白癜风中表皮黑素细胞的优先破坏现象。
