Willis J, Nelson A, Black F W, Borges A, An A, Rice J
Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Tulane University Medical School, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
J Child Neurol. 1997 Apr;12(3):169-71. doi: 10.1177/088307389701200303.
We studied 11 epileptic children aged 7 to 14 years with quantitative electroencephalographic (EEG) and neuropsychological tests, both on and off the barbiturate anticonvulsants phenobarbital and mephobarbital, comparing them to 13 controls matched for age and IQ who received testing at similar intervals. Neuropsychological tests employed were the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R), Bender-Gestalt, controlled oral word association test (COWAT), selected subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, Purdue Peg Board, Stroop Test, Trail Making Test, Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised, and Achenbach Behavior Rating Scale. There was no difference between on- and off-drug quantitative EEG in percentage power of any frequency band between 0.6 and 32 Hz. Neuropsychological data from all 11 subjects were analyzed with a two-factor analysis of variance with repeated measures on the time factor. The only difference from controls was on the Stroop Test. Parents reported clear behavioral changes in 6 of 11 subjects, but in 4 of these children the behavioral changes were sufficiently mild that parents chose to continue the barbiturate anticonvulsants: irritability, oppositional attitude, and overactivity were described. Mephobarbital was reported by parents to cause less severe problems than phenobarbital in subjects who had taken both barbiturate anticonvulsants. Barbiturate anticonvulsants have no effect on quantitative EEG and limited effects on neuropsychological tests in school-aged children.
我们对11名年龄在7至14岁的癫痫儿童进行了研究，在服用和停用巴比妥类抗惊厥药苯巴比妥和甲丙氨酯的情况下，分别进行了定量脑电图（EEG）和神经心理学测试，并将他们与13名年龄和智商匹配、在相似时间间隔接受测试的对照组儿童进行比较。所采用的神经心理学测试包括韦氏儿童智力量表修订版（WISC-R）、本德视觉运动格式塔测验、受控口语联想测验（COWAT）、韦氏记忆量表修订版的部分子测验、普渡钉板测验、斯特鲁普测验、连线测验、广泛成就测验修订版以及阿肯巴克儿童行为评定量表。在0.6至32赫兹的任何频段，药物服用期和停药期的定量脑电图在功率百分比方面均无差异。对所有11名受试者的神经心理学数据进行了双因素方差分析，并对时间因素进行了重复测量。与对照组的唯一差异体现在斯特鲁普测验上。家长报告称，11名受试者中有6名出现了明显的行为变化，但其中4名儿童的行为变化足够轻微，家长选择继续使用巴比妥类抗惊厥药：表现为易怒、对立态度和多动。在同时服用两种巴比妥类抗惊厥药的受试者中，家长报告称甲丙氨酯引起的问题比苯巴比妥轻。巴比妥类抗惊厥药对学龄儿童的定量脑电图无影响，对神经心理学测试的影响有限。
