Rivkees S A
Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 1997 Apr;44(2):467-87. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70486-7.
Increasing evidence indicates that the circadian timing system is a fundamental hemostatic system that potently influences human behavior and physiology throughout development. Circadian clock function begins during fetal life, and photic regulation of circadian phase is present at birth in primates. After birth, there is progressive maturation of the circadian system, with day-night rhythms in activity and hormone secretion developing between 1 and 3 months of age. Several disorders of the circadian system are now recognized and include clock disorders and problems related to inadequate entrainment of circadian phase. Treatments for several circadian system disorders are now available and include light therapy and melatonin. With the continued elucidation of circadian system development and influences on human physiology and illness, it is anticipated that consideration of circadian biology will become an increasingly important component of clinical care.
越来越多的证据表明，昼夜节律系统是一个基本的稳态系统，在整个发育过程中对人类行为和生理有着强大的影响。昼夜节律钟功能在胎儿期就开始了，灵长类动物出生时就存在昼夜节律的光调节。出生后，昼夜节律系统逐渐成熟，1至3个月大时活动和激素分泌出现昼夜节律。现在已经认识到几种昼夜节律系统紊乱，包括生物钟紊乱以及与昼夜节律相位调整不足相关的问题。目前有几种针对昼夜节律系统紊乱的治疗方法，包括光疗和褪黑素。随着对昼夜节律系统发育及其对人类生理和疾病影响的不断阐明，预计昼夜生物学的考量将成为临床护理中越来越重要的组成部分。
