Nissen-Meyer J, Nes I F
Department of Biochemistry, University of Oslo, Post 1401, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
Arch Microbiol. 1997 Feb-Mar;167(2-3):67-77.
Ribosomally synthesized peptides with antimicrobial activity are produced by prokaryotes, plants, and a wide variety of animals, both vertebrates and invertebrates. These peptides represent an important defense against micro-organisms. Although the peptides differ greatly in primary structures, they are nearly all cationic and very often amphiphilic, which reflects the fact that many of these peptides kill their target cells by permeabilizing the cell membrane. Moreover, many of these peptides may roughly be placed into one of three groups: (1) those that have a high content of one (or two) amino acid(s), often proline, (2) those that contain intramolecular disulfide bonds, often stabilizing a predominantly beta-sheet structure, and (3) those with amphiphilic regions if they assume an alpha-helical structure. Most known ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides have been identified and characterized during the past 15 years. As a result of these studies, insight has been gained into fundamental aspects of biology and biochemistry such as innate immunity, membrane-protein interactions, and protein modification and secretion. Moreover, it has become evident that these peptides may be developed into useful antimicrobial additives and drugs. This review presents a broad overview of the main types of ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides produced by eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
具有抗菌活性的核糖体合成肽由原核生物、植物以及各种各样的动物（包括脊椎动物和无脊椎动物）产生。这些肽是抵御微生物的重要防线。尽管这些肽的一级结构差异很大，但它们几乎都是阳离子性的，并且常常是两亲性的，这反映出许多此类肽通过使细胞膜通透来杀死靶细胞这一事实。此外，许多此类肽大致可分为三组：（1）那些富含一种（或两种）氨基酸（通常是脯氨酸）的肽，（2）那些含有分子内二硫键的肽，这些二硫键通常稳定主要为β折叠结构，以及（3）那些如果呈现α螺旋结构则具有两亲区域的肽。在过去15年中，大多数已知的核糖体合成抗菌肽已被鉴定和表征。这些研究使人们深入了解了生物学和生物化学的基本方面，如固有免疫、膜 - 蛋白相互作用以及蛋白质修饰和分泌。此外，显而易见的是，这些肽可被开发成有用的抗菌添加剂和药物。本综述对真核生物和原核生物产生的核糖体合成抗菌肽的主要类型进行了广泛概述。
